Chapter 15: Alcohols
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What is the general formula for an alcohol?
CnH2n+1OH
what is the alcohol with 5 carbons called?
pentanol
What are the two methods of ethanol production?
1 Making ethanol from crude oil by cracking and hydration of alkenes in the presence of an acid catalyst 2 Making ethanol by fermentation
What are the conditions needed for the production of ethanol by fermentation and why?
1 Temperature = 35*c (any higher causes enzymes o denature and become ineffective) 2 Vacuum (air is kept out to prevent the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid) 3 Alcohol concentration less than 15% (any higher prevents enzymes from being able to function)
What are the three classification groups for alcohols?
1 Primary alcohols 2 Secondary alcohols 3 Tertiary alcohols
What is the definition of a primary alcohol?
A carbon with the -OH group at the end of a chain, one R-group and two hydrogen atoms
What is the definition of a secondary alcohol?
A carbon with the -OH group in the body of the chain, two R-groups and one hydrogen atom
What is the strongest intermolecular bonding that occurs between alcohol molecules and why?
Hydrogen bonding - due to the dipole -OH group
Why do alcohols have higher melting and boiling points than alkanes?
Alcohols form hydrogen bonds which is a stronger intermolecular force than the van der waals forces produced by alkanes
Are short chain or long chain alcohols more soluble and why?
Short chain - they have a shorter non polar hydrocarbon chain so a greater proportion of the molecule is soluble