Section 6
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alkane with 1 carbon is called
methane
alkane with 2 carbons are called
ethane
alkane with 3 carbons are called
propane
alkane with 4 carbons are called
butane
alkane with 5 carbons are called
pentane
alkanes with 6 carbons are called
hexane
with what suffix do alkanes end?
-ane
what is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
what are characteristics of alkanes?
• same chemical properties • trend in physical properties • same general formula • same functional group • single bonds
what is the suffix when naming side chains (alkyl groups)
-ane is replaced with -yl e.g. methyl, ethyl
how do we number the C atoms of the main chain?
• start from the end from which a side chain first appears • the position number is as LOW as possible • if there are several possibilities: the alkyl group with alphabetic precedence receives the lower number
draw the structure of 2,4-dimethyl hexane
how do we name alkanes?
position number - side chain - main chain
generla formula of alkyl groups
CnH2n+1
general formula of alkenes
CnH2n
what is a hydrocarbon?
a compound of hydrogen and carbon only
what does an incomplete combustion produce?
carbon monoxide soot (carbon particles) water
when does an incomplete combustion reaction take place?
when there is not enough oxygen around
refinery gas
• used for cooking and heating • raw material for industrial purposes
gasoline
mostly a fuel for motors (cars, boats)
kerosene
• fuel for aircrafts or heating • solvent in paints
diesel
• a fuel for large vehicles (cars, buses, train) • fuel to generate electricity and heat
fuel oil
• used as a fuel for ships and industrial heating
definition of fuel
a fuel is a substance which releases heat energy when burned