22) Periodicity

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

state how Na reacts with water, state the type of reaction + equation, give observations

Back (Answer)

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 🡢 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) - reacts more vigorously with water than Mg - vigorous reactions, effervescence - Na melts into a molten ball - produces a very strongly alkaline solution (due to NaOH) - this is a REDOX reaction

Front (Question)

state how Mg reacts with water, state the type of reaction + equation, give observations

Back (Answer)

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) 🡢 Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g) - very slow reaction - produces insoluble Mg(OH)2 BUT - Mg will react quickly with steam - Mg(s) + H2O(g) 🡢 MgO(s) + H2(g) BOTH are REDOX reactions

Front (Question)

state the general trend of how the period 3 elements react with oxygen

Back (Answer)

all exothermic - they are REDOX - element usually oxidised to highest oxidation state - Si and Al react slightly slower

Front (Question)

give equation for reaction between Na and oxygen, include any observations

Back (Answer)

• burns brightly with a yellow flame • white solid produced 2Na(s) + 1/2O2(g) 🡢 Na2O(s)

Front (Question)

give equation for reaction between Mg and oxygen, include any observations

Back (Answer)

• burns with bright white flame • white solid formed 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 🡢 MgO(s)

Front (Question)

give equation for reaction between Al and oxygen, include any observations

Back (Answer)

• burns brightly • usually has an oxide coating which makes Al unreactive 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 🡢 Al2O3(s)

Front (Question)

give equation for reaction between Si and oxygen, include any observations

Back (Answer)

Si(s) + O2(g) 🡢 SiO2(s)

Front (Question)

give equation for reaction between P and oxygen, include any observations

Back (Answer)

• red phosphorus must be heated • white reacts spontaneously 4P(s) + 5O2(g) 🡢 P4O10(s)

Front (Question)

give equation for reaction between S and oxygen, include any observations

Back (Answer)

• burns with a blue flame S(s) + O2(g) 🡢 SO2(g) OR S(s) + 3/2O2(g) 🡢 SO3(g) - the sulfur MUST be heated for this to happen

#10

Front (Question)

state the general trend of melting points of the oxides - related to type of bonding

Back (Answer)

ionic > giant covalent > simple covalent

#11

Front (Question)

state the trend in the ionic oxide melting points

Back (Answer)

MgO has highest - higher than Na2O as has 2+ ions so stronger bonding - higher than Al2O3 as small difference in electronegativity so some covalent character

#12

Front (Question)

state how high the melting point is of SiO2 and why

Back (Answer)

high - as it is giant covalent so many strong covalent bonds

#13

Front (Question)

state the trend in melting points of the simple covalent oxides

Back (Answer)

P4O10 mp is higher than SO2 - as bigger molecules so stronger van de Waals forces - but BOTH are low overall

#14

Front (Question)

state how Na2O reacts with water by giving an equation, is it acid or basic and pH of solution

Back (Answer)

BASIC - Na2O + H2O 🡢 2NaOH - pH of 12-14

#15

Front (Question)

state how MgO reacts with water by giving an equation, is it acid or basic and pH of solution

Back (Answer)

BASIC - MgO + H2O 🡢 Mg(OH)2 - pH 9-10

#16

Front (Question)

state how Al2O3 reacts with water by giving an equation, is it acid or basic and pH of solution

Back (Answer)

insoluble so will NOT react with water - due to strong ionic bonding - BUT will react with acids and bases

#17

Front (Question)

state how SiO2 reacts with water by giving an equation, is it acid or basic and pH of solution

Back (Answer)

insoluble in water so does not react - due to many strong covalent bonds - BUT - is ACIDIC - as it reacts with bases

#18

Front (Question)

state how P4O10 reacts with water by giving an equation, is it acid or basic and pH of solution

Back (Answer)

ACIDIC - P4O10 + 6H2O 🡢 4H3PO4 - H3PO4 🡢 3H+ + PO43- - pH 1-2

#19

Front (Question)

state how SO2 reacts with water by giving an equation, is it acid or basic and pH of solution

Back (Answer)

ACIDIC - SO2 + H2O 🡢 H2SO3 - H2SO3 🡢 2H+ + SO32- - pH 2-3

#20

Front (Question)

state how SO3 reacts with water by giving an equation, is it acid or basic and pH of solution

Back (Answer)

ACIDIC - SO3 + H2O 🡢 H2SO4 - H2SO4 🡢 2H+ + SO42- - pH 0-1

#21

Front (Question)

draw the structures of each of H3PO4, HSO3 and H2SO4 and the anions each of them form

Back (Answer)

#22

Front (Question)

state how Na2O and MgO react and include equations

Back (Answer)

react with ACIDS - to form salt + water e.g. with HCl • Na2O + 2HCl 🡢 2NaCl + H2O • MgO + 2HCl 🡢 MgCl2 + H2O

#23

Front (Question)

state how Al2O3 reacts and include equations

Back (Answer)

amphoteric - so reacts with acids and bases 1 - with HCl - Al2O3 + 6HCl 🡢 2AlCl3 + 3H2O 2 - with hot conc. NaOH - Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O 🡢 2NaAl(OH)4

#24

Front (Question)

state how SiO2 reacts, include equations

Back (Answer)

acts as a weak acid - SiO2 + 2NaOH 🡢 Na2SiO3 + H2O