6 - Measurement and evaluation on performance

An error bar is a bar on the graph showing an error it is as simple as that.

is used to summarize the spread of values around a mean. 68% of all values lies within 1 standard deviation of the mean. This rises to about 95% for 2 standard deviations.

A Low standard deviation indicates that the data is clustered closely around the mean value.  Conversely, a high standard deviation indicates a wider spread around the mean

68%

95%

Coefficient of variation is the ratio of standard deviation to the mean expressed as a percentage. The HIGHER the coefficient of variation = the greater level of dispersion around the mean. The LOWER the value of the coefficient of variation = the more precise the estimate, less dispersal

It’s used to determine is there is a significance difference between the means of two groups

Specificity - The investigation must assess an individuals fitness for the activity or sport in questions Accuracy - the equipment used must be as accurate as possible Reliability - a test is reliable when you undertake a retest under the same conditions as the original and a similar result is obtained Validity - the extent of which the method of the investigation actually measures what is claims to measure

Control group - a group of people who are out into a group together that doesn’t get any special treatment Randomized group - samples are selected randomly to eliminate bias Blind - participants do not know if they are in a control group in the experiment to avoid bias, avoids psychological effect Double blind - both participants and experimenters do not know the control group and the experimental group Placebo - occurs when a group is given a dose of a stimulant whereas the other group is lead to believe they did too when they didn’t

PAR-Q - Physical Activity Readiness Test - asses the readiness of an individual to partake in general training programs Advantages: • asses yourself • determines weakness • simple • uncover potential health risks Disadvantages: - depends on clients knowledge and honesty

Working at 85% of max heart rate Advantages: • identifies lactic acidosis threshold • a lot more accurate reflecting on a persons max aerobic capacity • pace is already set Disadvantages: • requires considerable time to test performance • not ideal when many athletes require testing as once • more motivation is required • requires a reasonable level of fitness before the test

Not working at your max Advantages: • less time consuming • safer, less risk to performer • you can use a wider range of population (kids / elderly) • less motivation needed • allows an estimation of a persons VO2 max Disadvantages: • hard to set level of intensity • only an estimation of VO2 max but an actual representation • less accurate

Test that can be done without expensive equipment Advantages: • more ecological validity ( more specific to sport) • inexpensive • you can test a lot of subjects • you don’t need to be trained Disadvantages: • needs a large sample size • hard to replicate • difficult to record data accurately • lack of control brings problems of extraneous variables

• experiments done in a lab Advantages: • controlled environment, more reliable and accurate • easy to replicate • lab experiment means it is more accurate and specialized Disadvantages: • expensive • time consuming, only measures a certain amount of time • higher level of technical support

Consists of the components of fitness that have a relationship to good health components which are vital to ensure that an individual can meet the physical and psychological demands of an activity without excessive fatigue. • Body composition • Cardio respiratory fitness (aerobic capacity) • Flexibility • Muscular endurance • Strength

• Agility • Balance • Coordination • Power • Reaction time • Speed

1) multistage fitness test (bleep test 2) Coopers 12 minute run • find a place to run and measure the distance of it to measure how far the individual has run • individuals will run for walk for 12 minutes • once 12 minutes is over is distance is worked out 3) Harvard step test • 10 minute warm up • with the command go, the stop watch starts • step up and down every two seconds • continue to step up and down for 2 minutes • repeat this 3 times and measure ur pulse each time Find aerobic capacity by using the formula 3000 / (pulse 1 + pulse 2 + pulse 3)

• Sit and reach • 10 minute warm up • assistant secures the ruler to the top of the box, with zero towards the athlete • athlete sits on the floor with legs straight, full extended and the sole of their feet against the box • athlete places hands on top of ruler • they hold the maximum reach for two seconds • assistant records distance • test is repeated

• Maximum sit ups • 10 minute warm up • performer lies back on a mat, sola of their feet flat on the floor and hand on ears through the test • assistant hold athletes feet and says go • athletes touches knees w elbows and repeats • do as many in 30 seconds as possible • Maximum push ups • 10 minute warm up • athlete lies on ground with hand under their shoulders in push up position • lowers body until the elbow reaches 90 and then extends the arm in the start position • athlete continue press up position with no rest until they are unable to continue • Flexed arm hang • 10 minute warm up • move to flexed arm hand position with their palms facing them • athletes should raise their chins above the bar • assistant starts the stop watch • athlete holds position for as long as possible • when the chin drops below the bar the timer stops

• Illinois agility test • course is set up • participants start lying down on their front • on command jump to their feet and do the course • assistant records time taken

• Hand grip dynamometer

• 40 meter sprint • 10 minute warm up • 40 meters is marked • line up behind a line • “go” is the command and stopwatch starts • athletes sprints and the watch is stopped after 40 Meters

• Body mass index - divide weight by your height then divide the answer by your height again • Anthropometry - catches excess skin fat at certain point a • Underwater weighing

• Stork stand • 10 minute warm up • athlete removes their shoes • stand straight with their feet flat and hands on hips • athlete lifts their non supporting food and place its sole on the side of there knee • athlete must lift their heel off the floor • once foot is lifted the timer starts