Chapter 8 and 17 Section- Chemical Equations And Reactions/reaction Rates
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Define chemical reaction
The process by which atoms rearrange to form new substances
What is the general equation for a synthesis reaction?
A + X –> AX
What is the general equation for a decomposition reaction?
AX –> A + X
What is the general equation for a combustion reaction?
O² is a reactant, if hydrocarbon the products are CO² and H²O
What is the general equation for a single replacement reaction?
A + BX –> AX + B
What is the general equation for a double replacement reaction?
AX + BY —> AY + BX
Which 2 types of reactions are opposites of one another?
Synthesis and decomposition
What are the products of a combustion reaction when one reactant is a hydrocarbon?
CO² and H²O
What is a precipitate
A solid formed by a change in solution
In what type of reaction can a precipitate form?
Double replacement
What does the equation symbol (l) mean?
Liquid
What does the equation symbol (aq) mean?
Aqueous
What does the equation symbol (s) mean?
Solid
What does the equation symbol (g) mean?
Gas
What does the equation symbol —-> mean?
Yields to
Define activation energy
The minimum amount of energy needed to activate a reaction
Define reaction rate
The change in concentration of reactants per unit time as the reaction proceeds
Describe how surface area affects reaction rate:
Greater surface area = faster reaction rate
Describe how temperarure affects reaction rate:
Increase in temp. increases the kinetic energy of particles which results in more effective collisions Higher temp = faster rate
Describe how concentration affects reaction rate:
Increase in reactant concentration increases the number of particle collisions, thus reaction rate. Higher concentration = higher rate
Describe how catalyst affects reaction rate:
Lowers activation energy Changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed itself