Chapter 1 Vocab

A method of drawing curved arrows to keep track of an electron movement from nucleophile to electrophile (or within a molecule) during the course of a reaction

A charge which is spread out over two or more atoms. We usually draw resonance forms to show how the charge can appear on each of the atoms sharing the charge.

an electron pair donor

A molecule or ion for which two or more valid Lewis structures can be drawn, differing only in the placement of the valence electrons.

The more important (lower-energy) structures

The less important (higher-energy) structures)

Single bonds between all carbons.

Single bonded carbons that form a ring.

Double bonded carbons are present in the molecule.

Double bond in a ring.

Triple bonds are present in the molecule.

Contains a phenyl ring.

• Organic chemists use a capital ‘R’ as chemical shorthand to represent an undefined carbon-based structural fragment • Representing part of a compound as ‘R’ shifts our attention away from the unimportant portions of the molecule and focuses our attention on the functional groups

Only atoms with lone pairs, multiple bonds, and incomplete octets are involved in resonance.

With positive charges, the structure with complete octets is the major contributor

alternating single + multiple bonds

1) C atoms are implied wherever there is a change in angle 2) Hide H’s on C (keep them everywhere else) 3) Bonds to H are not shown (OH instead of O-H) 4) Hide non-bonded electrons (lone pairs)

CnH(2n+2)