Fats and Oils
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What is the role of fats and oils in foods?
To provide nutrients and make food more palatable
What are fats and oils important for?
Food palatability- flavour, texture, act as solubilisers Food processing- heat transfer, lubrication Nutrition- vitamin carriers, forms the lipid bilayer, provide 30-40% of calories
Define lipid
A soluble, non polar solvent, that is insoluble in water
What are the three classifications of lipids?
Simple, compound, derived
Give 3 examples of simple lipids
Waxes, FA chains, triglycerides
What is an example of a compound lipid?
Glycolipid
What is an example of a derived lipid?
Sterol
Outline the structure of a glyceride
Glycerol ‘backbone’ with 1 or more esterified fatty acid chain ‘tails’
What is meant by simple/ triolein glyceride
The same chains
What is meant by mixed glyceride
Two or more differing chains
What can phosphoglycerides be used for?
Emulsifying agents - they are polar
How many carbons does a short chain FA have?
C4-C6 - rare
How many carbons does a long chain FA have?
C12-C22 - common
Describe saturated FA
No carbon double bonds -anioc straight chain e.g. hexanioc, butanoic
Describe unsaturated FA
one or more carbon double bonds -enoic kink in chain di/tri is used to denote the number of double bonds
what does methylene interrupted mean?
These fatty acids have 2 or more cis double bonds that are separated from each other by a single methylene bridge (-CH. -)
What is a cis unsaturated FA
both of the alkyl groups are on the same side large kink lower melting point due to large kink
What is a trans unsaturated FA
the alkyl groups are on opposite sides no kink slightly higher melting point than cis FA
Outline the omega referencing system
The omega-reference system indicates the number of carbons, the number of double bonds and the position of the double bond closest to the omega carbon, counting from the omega carbon
Outline the carboxyl referencing system
The carboxyl-reference system indicates the number of carbons, the number of double bonds, and the positions of the double bonds, counting from the carboxyl carbon - uses numbers