Fundamentals Of Computer Organisation And Architecture
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Processor
Device that carries out computation on data and instructions in order to produce an output
Main memory
Stores data and instructions that will be used by the processor
Address bus
Used to specify a physical address in memory so that the data bus can access it
Data bus
Transfers data between memory and processor
Control bus
Controls the flow of data between the processor and other parts of the computer
I/O controllers
Handles the flow of data between input and output devices
Fetch execute cycle
The continuous process of data movement between main memory and the processor during the running of a program
Von Neumann vs Harvard
Harvard - execution of instructions are faster as fetching of code and data are simultaneous (embedded systems like digital signal processing (DSP) systems use Harvard `architecture processors) Von Neumann - instructions and data have combined memory spaces (used extensively in general purpose computing systems)
Concept of addressable memory
Stored program concept
Instructions are stored in the main memory. Instructions are then fetched decoded and executed by the processor which allows the program to be moved in and out of the main memory
fetch execute cycle
the continuous process of data movement between main memory and the processor during the running of a program
processor instruction set
immediate addressing
the operand is the datum
direct addressing
the operand is the address of the datum