Chapter 4 Atoms and the Periodic
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Proton?
Positively charged molecule.
Nucleus?
The center of an atom; holds protons and neutrons.
Neutron?
Molecule with no charge.
Electron?
Negatively charged molecule.
Orbital?
Where electrons are likely to be found in the regions of an atom.
Valance Electron?
An atom on the outermost ring of an atom.
Periodic Law?
The elements when arranged in the order of their atomic numbers show a periodic variation of atomic structure and of most of their properties.
Period?
The up and down rows in the periodic table.
Group?
The side to side rows in the periodic table.
Metal?
Makes up most of the periodic table.
Nonmetal?
Makes up second most of the periodic table.
Semiconductor?
Compound or element that conducts electrical current better than an insulator but not as well as a conductor.
Alkali metal?
They are very reactive, electropositive, monovalent metals forming strongly alkaline hydroxides.
Alkaline-earth metal?
Any of the divalent strongly basic metals of group 2 of the periodic table.
Transition metal?
Groups 3-12 on the periodic table.
Halogen?
Most reactive nonmetal, group 17 on the periodic table.
Noble gas?
Group 18 on the periodic table.
Ion?
An atom or group of atoms in which the number of electrons is different from the number of protons.
Atomic number?
The number of protons and electrons in an element.
Mass number?
Total number of protons and neutrons in an element.
Isotope?
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic mass unit?
A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.
Average atomic mass?
The average atomic mass of an element is the sum of the masses of its isotopes.
Mole?
The amount of substance of a system that contains as many elementary entities.