Life and Physical science
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what are the 4 major macromolecules
carbs, protein, lipids, nucleic acids
what are the 4 main macros involved in
anabolic reactions
what are the 4 molecules invplved in catabolic reactions
monosaccarides, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides
what is an anabolic reaction
builds larger and more complex moleculesfrom smaler ones, require energy
what is a catabolic reaction
larger molecules are broken down into smaller and simpler ones, release energy
what is an endothermic reaction
chemical reacion that absorbs heat
what is a exothermic reaction
a reaction that releases heat
what are carbs easily converted into
glucose
what happens to carbs to get energy
they are oxidized
what is the function of carbs
main source of energy
what are exaples of simple sugars
glucose, fructose, and galactose
what is the carb ratio of carbon to water
1:2:1 - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what is a polymer
a compound of large molecules formed by repeating monomers
what is a lipid
molecule that is soluble in a nonpolar solvents, also hydrophobic
what kind of bonds do lipids have
C_H bonds
what are lipids similar to
hydrocarbons
major fole of lipids
energy storage and structural functions
what a re fatty acids made up of
3 fatty acids bou nd to a glycerol
phospholipids
lipids that have a phosphate groupd rather than a fatty acid
glycerides
fat and oil, formed from fatty acids and glycerol
proteins are formed by
amino acids
amino acids put together make up
polypeptides
define condensation reaction
loss of water when two molecuels are joined togeter
define hydrolysis reaction
water is added