Neurons and Synapses [W2]

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v3•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Location of Ogliodentrocytes

Back (Answer)

central nervous system (CNS)

Front (Question)

location of Schwann Cells

Back (Answer)

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Front (Question)

Location of astrocytes

Back (Answer)

brain + spinal cord, CNS

Front (Question)

location of microglia

Back (Answer)

brain + spinal cord, CNS

Front (Question)

Function of ogliodentrocytes

Back (Answer)

Create myelin sheath for axons in the CNS (can do multiple instead of one just single axons like Schwann cells)

Front (Question)

function of Schwann cells

Back (Answer)

Create myelin sheath for individual axons in the PNS; help with axon regrowth in PNS

Front (Question)

Function of astrocytes

Back (Answer)

regulate blood brain barrier, provide structural support, maintain env’t around synapses; also, involved in uptake and release of transmitters, modulate synaptic transmission and help repair nervous system

Front (Question)

function of microglia

Back (Answer)

brain’s immune cells, remove/repair damaged tissue, release anti-inflammatory agents

Front (Question)

function of protein channels in cell membrane

Back (Answer)

regulate mvmt of substances in/out neuron

#10

Front (Question)

Function of axons

Back (Answer)

transmits signals across distances

#11

Front (Question)

function of synaptic terminals

Back (Answer)

neurotransmitter release

#12

Front (Question)

function of dendrites

Back (Answer)

receive inputs from other neurons

#13

Front (Question)

Explain Galvani (1791). Importance?

Back (Answer)

electricity made frog’s leg twitch. helped est. electrical properties of neurons

#14

Front (Question)

Explain Helmholtz (1850). Importance?

Back (Answer)

Measured speed of nerve impulse @ 90ft/sec. helped est. electrical properties of neurons

#15

Front (Question)

Explain Young (1936). Importance?

Back (Answer)

Recorded electrical impulses in the axon (1mm diameter) of a giant squid. Helped est. electrical properties of neurons

#16

Front (Question)

Explain Hodgkin & Huxley (1952). Importance?

Back (Answer)

negative resting potential in squid axon; found that applying electrical stimulus triggers an action potential–> trigger was voltage change from - to + (depolarization)

#17

Front (Question)

What 4 main ions contribute to resting potential?

Back (Answer)

Na+, Cl–, K+, negatively charged proteins

#18

Front (Question)

What are the steps/stages that occur in action potential?

Back (Answer)

Opens Na+ channels –> Na+ enters cell, changing membrane potential –> K+ channel opens, K+ exits cell –>Na+ channels close, K+ ions still exiting ==> Repolarisation –> K+ channel closes slowly==>hyperpolarisation from too much K+ outside cell –> all channels close, return to resting potential

#19

Front (Question)

What is the negative resting potential?

Back (Answer)

-70mV

#20

Front (Question)

all neurons have a _______resting potential

Back (Answer)

negative

#21

Front (Question)

Which part of a neuron receives input from other neurons?

Back (Answer)

dendrites receive information from other neurons via synapses

#22

Front (Question)

As an action potential passes along the axon, the interior of the axon is first depolarized by the entry of________ and then repolarized by the exit of ___________

Back (Answer)

sodium ions; potassium ions

#23

Front (Question)

The conduction of an action potential along an axon is mediated by __________

Back (Answer)

voltage-gated ion channels

#24

Front (Question)

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

Back (Answer)

spaces along the axon where there is no myelin sheath