CHEM Rate of Reactions Yr 12
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What are the two requirements for a successful collision?
Particles must collide in the correct orientation
How does increasing temperature affect reaction rate?
Particles gain kinetic energy resulting in faster and frequent successful collisions per unit time
What is the specific function of a catalyst?
Provides an alternative energy pathway with a lower activation energy
Why does increasing gas pressure increase reaction rate?
Increases the concentration of particles, leading to a higher frequency of collisions per unit time
What is dynamic equailibrum?
A closed system where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal and concentrations remain constant
What is the only factor that can change the Kc value?
Temperature
If Kc is very large (> 10^3), where does the equilibrium lie?
Far Right (products are favored)
What happens if you increase the pressure of a gaseous system?
Equilibrium shifts to the side with fewer moles of gas (LCP)
What is Le Châtelier’s Principle (LCP)?
Proceeds to partially oppose the change
What happens to an exothermic reaction if temperature increases?
Equilibrium shifts to the left to absorb the extra heat
Does adding a catalyst shift the equilibrium position?
No. It increases the forward and reverse reaction rate equally
Why is a compromise temperature used in the Haber Process?
To balance a high rate with a high yield
Why is high pressure NOT used in the Contact Process despite favoring yield?
The yield is already 99% at atmospheric pressure; the cost of high-pressure equipment isn’t worth the tiny gain
How does increasing surface area affect reaction rate?
More particles available for successful collisions per unit time so faster ROR
What is the principle of concentration effect on rate of reaction?
The ROR is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants
How does concentration effect ROR?
Results in more frequent collisions per unit time so faster ROR
How can you increase pressure?
Add gas or decrease volume
When increasing pressure what is also increased?
Concentration
What is a waste product?
A product produced that has no use or value
What is a byproduct?
A product that has other uses and value
What is a closed system for equailibrum?
Temperature must be constant and nothing comes in or out
Added reactant does what to equilibrium?
Shift equilibrium to the right
Added Product does what to equilibrium?
Shift equilibrium to the left
A temperature increase favors equilibrium to go endo or exothermic direction?
Equilibrium shifts to Endothermic