Unit 2: Using Objects

A function used to find and return the absolute value (magnitude) of an integer. It disregards any negative sign attached to it and always gives back its positive equivalent.

The process of simplifying complex systems by focusing on essential features while hiding unnecessary details. It allows programmers to work with high-level concepts without worrying about implementation specifics.

Used to assign a value to a variable. It is represented by the equals sign (=) and it assigns the value on the right side of the equals sign to the variable on the left side.

User-defined data types in object-oriented programming. They serve as blueprints for creating objects by defining their attributes and methods.

A special method within a class that is used to initialize objects of that class. It is called automatically when an object is created and helps set initial values for its attributes.

Refers to the bundling of data and methods within a class, where the data is hidden from external access. It ensures that an object’s internal state remains consistent by controlling how it can be accessed or modified.

An exception that occurs when a method receives an argument that is inappropriate or invalid for its intended purpose. It usually indicates that there was an error in how arguments were passed into a method.

A method used to find the index position of the first occurrence of a specified substring within a larger string.

A concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits the properties and behaviors of another class. It allows for code reuse and promotes the creation of hierarchical relationships between classes.

In programming refers to the data type of the value that a method or function returns. In the case of “void,” it means that the method does not return any value.

A method used to find the number of characters in a string.

A class in Java that provides various mathematical operations and functions that can be performed on numeric data types. It includes methods for basic arithmetic operations, trigonometry, logarithms, random numbers generation, etc.

A constant in the Math object of JavaScript that represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. It is approximately equal to 3.14159.

Functions defined within a class that perform specific tasks or actions when called upon by an object. They can manipulate data, interact with other objects, or return values.

A special value in programming that represents the absence of a value. It is often used to indicate that a variable does not currently have any assigned value.

A programming paradigm that organizes code into objects, which are instances of classes. It emphasizes the use of objects to represent real-world entities and their interactions.

Instances of a class that represent real-world entities or concepts. They encapsulate data (attributes) and behavior (methods) into a single entity.

Refers to the ability to have multiple constructors in a class, each with a different set of parameters. This allows objects to be created with different initial states or configurations.

Variables declared in a method or function that receive values when the method is called. They allow data to be passed into a method, enabling it to perform actions or calculations based on those values.

Refers to the ability of objects to take on multiple forms or have multiple types. In programming, it allows different objects to be treated as instances of a common superclass, enabling flexibility and extensibility.

A function that is used to raise a number (a) to the power of another number (b). It returns the result of a raised to the power of b.

Basic data types that are built into a programming language and represent simple values. They include integers, floating-point numbers, characters, booleans, and more.

A function that generates and returns a pseudo-random decimal value between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive).

Data types in programming that store references or memory addresses rather than the actual values themselves. They include objects, arrays, and strings, and allow for dynamic memory allocation and manipulation.