Endocrine System

A system made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood to maintain homeostasis and regulate the body’s chemical reactions.

Maintaining a balanced, stable internal environment for among all bodily systems in order for the body to survive and function correctly.

A small pea sized gland found in the brain also known as the master gland as it controls the production and release of other hormones.

Controls the pituitary gland

The front half of the pituitary gland which secretes sex hormones such as LH, FSH and growth hormone.

The back half of the pituitary gland which secretes ADH (antidiuretic hormone) & oxytocin (used in childbirth).

A 6-10 inch long tapered organ found behind the stomach with both an exocrine and endocrine function

Exocrine function: release pancreatic juices (digestive enzymes) via a duct. Endocrine function: secrete hormones to regulate blood glucose levels (insulin & glucagon).

A group of hormone producing cells in the pancreas. Alpha cells: produce glucagon Beta cells: produce insulin

Alpha cells produce glucagon (for glycogenolysis) Beta cells produce insulin (for glycogenesis)

The hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver (stimulated by glucagon release) to increase blood glucose as a result of low glucose levels in the blood.

The formation of glycogen from excess glucose in the liver (stimulated by insulin) to decrease blood glucose as a result of high glucose levels in the blood.

High blood sugar is detected by the pancreas which then releases insulin (from beta cells). The liver undergoes glycogenesis and converts the glucose into glycogen for storage. Blood glucose level decreases back to ‘normal’

Low blood sugar is detected by the pancreas which releases glucagon (from alpha cells). The liver undergoes glycogenolysis and converts the glycogen to glucose. Blood glucose levels increase back to ‘normal/.

Negative feedback ensures that blood glucose levels can remain at homeostasis as the reduction of blood glucose (glycogenesis) can be counteracted by an increase in blood glucose (glycogenolysis)

Diabetes is a non-communicable disease which causes a reduction in the insulin levels produced by the body. There is two types: Type 1 & Type 2

increases appetite & thirst unexplained weight loss blurred vision frequent urination tiredness/weakness

This is when the body produces NO insulin, and can occur at any age (mainly childhood)

Genetics

insulin injections (+ balanced diet & healthy weight) There is NO CURE

This is when your body does not produce enough insulin, mainly occurs in people over 45

Being overweight Unhealthy diet Lack of exercise High blood pressure Genetics

Insulin tablets Diet change Weight loss (healthy lifestyle) There is NO CURE

To filter waste products out of the blood and produce urine