Animal Health

a state of complete well-being

any state other than complete health normal function of the body or its parts is disturbed

noticeable differences from normal • indicators of disease - fever, weight loss, water feces, labored movement or breathing

change in an organ -size, color, abscess, tumor

study of factors that cause a disease many interactions -pathogen - host - environment interaction

detection of symptoms formulation of hypothesis for disease cause development and execution of treatment plan

isolated animal? or her mates too? clinical examination -visual, auditory, olfactory, palpation boy fluid or tissue analysis

based on training/ experience of diagnostician

individual medicine herd medicine nutrition, environment (housing), vaccination etc.

clinical vs. sub-clinical acute vs. chronic

disease symptoms are clearly present ie clinical mastitis -reddish, hot, swelling of udder -off color or clots in milk -systemic (whole body) fever

disease carriers no clear outward signs ie. sub clinical mastitis -bacteria present in gland -but no clear symptoms

often intense but short lived (ie days)

may last the life of the animal more moderate symptoms w/ occasional flare ups

Scheme for disease diagnosis Degenerative Allergenic Metabolic Nutrition, neoplasia Infectious, inflammation Trauma, toxins

unknown cause

ex. canine hip dysplasia genetic component -often polygenic so difficult to pinpoint cause environmental effects -obesity, excessive exercise of pups

allergies to food, fleas, pollens, mold, etc symptoms include scratching, hair loss, skin lesion IgE antibodies to allergenic particles -stimulate release of histamine -some relief by use of anti-histamines

affect body's metabolism -often hormonal -often nutritional link diabetes mellitus -hyperglycemia -glucoseuria (glucose in urine) --> polyurea (frequent urination) and poly dypsia (thirst) increased appetite inc. weight loss

calcium is required for muscle contraction loss of Ca in milk inability to mobilize Ca stores lack of coordination, collapse, death

obesity-imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure nutritional deficiencies: minerals, vitamins, amino acids, essential fatty acids

calcium - osteomalacia (rickets), milk fever iron - anemia iodine - hypothyroid (goiter) copper - hair loss, immune system selenium - impaired immune function zinc - loss of dermal integrity (skin condition, parakeratosis in pigs)

A - vision, bone growth B complex - growth, anemia C - scurvy D - bone growth E - immune function

cancerous growth of cells treatments: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy