Chapter 2 – Chemistry Of Life

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Elements are the basic building blocks of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

Smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of the element

Subatomic particles that are positively charged.

Subatomic particles that are uncharged.

Subatomic particles that are negatively charged. Orbit around the nucleus.

The circle around the nucleus of an atom represents an electron shell.

Contains linear DNA molecules in the form of chromosome structure.

Number of protons within the nucleus

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass of an atom equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons with in the nucleus

Are atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass because the number of neutrons differ.

Unstable form of an atom that spontaneously emits radiation in the form of radioactive particles or radiate energy. Ex. Useful in dating old objects, imaging body organs and tissues through x-rays, and killing the cancer cells.

Made up of atoms that are bonded together.

When the atoms are different, a compound is formed.

Ionic bonds and covalent bonds.

Chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges. • atoms in this type of bond donate or take on electrons. • result in a stable outer shell. • occur between particles that are charged (ions)

Ions are particles that carry either a positive or a negative charge.

Outermost energy shell of an atom

Chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons

Water is a polar molecule and a solvent.

combination of atoms in which the electrical charge is not distributed symmetrically.

Hydrogen bonds occur between a hydrogen in a covalent bond and a negatively charged atom.

Acids are substances that disassociate in water and release hydrogen ions (H +)