muscles and bones
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what is a sprain
a stretched or torn ligament
what is a strain
a stretched or torn muscle or tendon
what are the 4 stages of healing a fracture
• formation of hematoma • formation of granulation tissue • formation of bony callus • bone remodelling
what do osteoblasts do?
form new bone
what do osteoclasts do
dissolve old bone
what are the features of smooth muscle
• non striated • involuntary • single nucleated
what are the features of cardiac muscle
• striated • involuntary • single nucleated • branched • contains many mitochondria
what are the features of skeletal muscle
• voluntary • striated • multi-nucleated
what is the purpose of cartilage
to cushion bones
what is the purpose of tendons
to attach muscle to bones
what is the purpose of ligaments
to attach bones to bones
describe agonistic and antagonistic pairs and give an example
• two muscles that work together • working muscle is the agonist • the non working muscle is the antagonist • the role of the agonist is the facilitate the movement • the role of the antagonist is to support the other muscle and allow a position to be maintained EXAMPLE: bicep and tricep, in a bicep curl the bicep is agonist allowing the forearm to move towards the humerus and the tricep is the antagonist.