EXERCISE 4 - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

mechanical and chemical breakdown of feed

seizing and conveying of feed into the mouth

mechanical breakdown of feed into finer particles. importance in: a. finely divided feed has greater surface area for digestive enzymes; b. be well mixed with saliva that facilitates swallowing

mixing of feed with the saliva

(in ruminants) formation of balls of feed out of the masticated feed particles

(in ruminants) chewing the cud; permits animal to ingest feed rapidly, then complete chewing at a later time

for prehension, mastication, and insalivation; may also serve as defensive / offensive weapon; in ruminants, used for bolus formation

common passage for feed and air; air crosses this to enter larynx while feed crosses this to enter esophagus

muscular tube connecting stomach to mouth

(in poultry) invagination of esophagus and the temporary storage of food

muscular organ site for feed storage, grinding and mixing of feed, absorption, enzymatic action and microbial fermentation

site of further digestion and absorption of certain products from stomach digestion

3 parts of small intestine

site of water absorption, storage of waste material, and bacterial digestion of fiber (cecum and colon are parts of this)

provide mucus which aid in swallowing process. in some animals, it contains the enzyme pytalin

produces digestive enzymes needed in digestive processes that take place in small intestine

secretes bile needed for emulsification of fat in small intestine

(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) animals with one compartment stomach

(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) such as horse have functional cecum that utilize roughages as nutrient resources; aka hindgut fermenters

(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) for poultry species; has gizzard, crop, and proventiculus

poultry species, for mixing and grinding feed

poultry species, secretion of gastric enzymes for digestion

have a four-compartment stomach

(part of compound stomach) main site of microbial fermentation of feeds