Final exam
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This test for the presence of exoenzyme gelatinase (+) liquid after cooling, gelatinase present (-) solid after cooling, no gelatinase
gelatin hydrolysis
Test for presence of exoenzyme urease (+) fuchsia/pink urease is broken down (-) orange/ yellow urease remains
Urea Broth
Test if deamination occurred (removal of amino acid group, which leaves phenylpyruic acid) add Ferric chloride (+) green (-) orange; no deamination
pheylalanine slant
This test for the presence of anerobic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (+) purple; presence of enzyme (-) yellow; fermentation of glucose, pH is lowered, enzyme not present
ornithine decarboxylase broth
What does SIM stand for
Sulfur production, indole presence and motility
How do you test if there is indole? what is a positive result?
Kovacs reagent; cherry red ring.
How do know if it is motile
Growth outside the initial stab line
oxygen must be present to grow
obligate aerobe
oxygen is toxic; and it will kill them
obligate anaerobe
grow best at suboptimal atmospheric oxygen levels (7-10%)
microaerophiles
grow best when oxygen is present, but can grow without it
facultative anaerobes
cannot used oxygen for growth, but are not killed by it
aerotolerant anaerobes
aerobic bacteria determine if cytochrome oxidase is present via cotton swab (+) dark blue/ purple when oxidased (-) colorless
oxidase test
test ability of organisms to reduce nitrate to nitrite or even further to ammonia add nitrate A and B (+) red color; nitrate present add zinc dust (if needed) (-) red; nitrate is still present (+) not red
Nitrate broth
methods utilized simply to inhibit and minimize growth amounts
bacteriostatic
methods that result in the complete eradication of viable cells
bactericidal
the time it takes for 90% of microbes to be killed at a temperature
Decimal reduction time (DRT)
the time it takes to kill any microbial cells present at a specific temperature
thermal death time (DTD)
what is this called when temperatures are exceeding 100 degrees
boiling
this process uses moist heat in the form of steam under pressure to kill and penetrate microorganisms
autoclaving
these are used on living tissue to reduce the number of microorganisms present
antiseptics
are used on surfaces or inanimate objects and are capable of reducing the number of microorganisms
disinfectant
organized mats of bacterial cells
biofilms
This person observed the inhibition of bacterial growth occurring around a penicillium mold contaminant on a plate
alexander fleming