Genetics

science of dealing with hereditary and variation. similarities and differences in individuals related by descent.

.study of the principles of inheritance in animals

.application of the principles go animal genetics with the goal of improvement of animals.

improve genetically the economic efficiency pop livestock production

selection

change

selection determining the parents of the next generation

• Strength • Size • Intelligence • Color • Defense strategies • Flexibility • Longevity Genetic fitness

father of animals breeding .purebred concept

• selection for tameness • strict captivity-limit breeding • intentional breeding • trait standardization • eliminate wild species (genes)

1.control herd movement 2. eliminate problems 3. selection for tameness 4. strict captivity - limit breeding 5. intentional breeding 6. trait standardization 7. eliminate wild species (genes )

nucleic acids

p= g+e p = variance g= genetic variance <breeding value e= environmental variance <permanent environment - tempray environment

bacterial artificial chromosome

1.Less cows we have genetically modified cows to have a higher milk production so wee need less cows • FE= feed efficiency every pound of meat you feed them 6 pounds of feed 6:1 down to 2.5 : 1 fat to lean • 4x wool production • Jungle fowl to white leghorn Jungle fowl lay 15 eggs per year and the white leghorn lay 300 eggs per year • AI is required due to election for breast meat • little change in production • No change in speed index in 40 years • creating new genetics wrecks • trying to create genetic wrecks

structure and replication

transcription and translation

amino acids

testing Dna is transcribed to rna and rna is translated to protein

DNA the blueprint of life

Dog-78 Cat - 38 Pig- 38 Cattle - 60 Sheep- 54 Goat - 60 Horse - 64 Camel - 74 Chicken - 78 Turkey - 80 Rabbit - 44 Rat - 42 Mouse - 40 Llama - 74 Alpaca - 74

nitrogen base , 5 carbon sugar and phosphate

adenine and guanine , - cytosine and thymine

purine bases and Pyrimidine bases