planet earth cards
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what is an element?
something made of 1 type of atom
what is a compound?
combinations of bonded atoms
how can minerals be identified?
colour/streak, hardness, shape/crystal, lustre, cleavage/fracture
what do streak tests do?
they help us show the powder form of the mineral and its color
what is lustre?
the shine of the mineral or the way it reflects/absorbs light
what can lustre be split into?
metallic/nonmetallic
what’s the difference between cleavage and fracture?
cleavage is when minerals split along flat surfaces and fracture is when it breaks along “uneven” surfaces
acid rain erosion
when acid rain falls, some minerals react to the rain and cause them to bubble/liquefy and be swept away
transparent
see through
translucent
shadowy
opaque
no light gets through
density
depends on how many particles are in a mineral (more means heavier)
three rock types
sedimentary/metamorphic/ igneous
explain the rock cycle
sedi. rock: turned into meta. rock w/ heat and pressure, turned into sediment with weathering/erosion meta. rock: melts into magma, weathers/erodes into sediment ign. rock: melts into magma, weathers/erodes into sediment, heat+pressure into meta. rock sediment: turns into sedi. rock from compaction/cementation magma: cools into ign. rock
diffrence between intrusive/extrusive
intrusive: IN the ground extrusive: out of the ground
cooling magma/lava creates what?
crystals
what is slow cooling vs fast cooling?
slow=large crystals (example granite) fast=small crystals (example obsidian)
igneous rock info
• forms when magma/lava cool/solidify • can have large or small crystals depending on cooling time
sedimentary rock info
• formed of layers of sediment that are compressed • leeching brings water down and cementation happens between the sediment layers
what % of Earth’s rock is sedimentary?
75%
what are strata?
visible layers of sedimentary rock
sedimentary rocks are the only rocks that can contain what?
fossils
metamorphic rock info
• formed when heat and pressure is applied to “parent material”
rocks are what (in the rock cycle)?
wheathered, compressed, cemented, buried, melted, solidified