C4+C10 Acids and Bases

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

what are ACIDS? what color do acids turn litmus paper to?

Back (Answer)

compounds that break into H+ ions turn litmus paper RED

Front (Question)

what are BASES? what color do bases turn litmus paper to?

Back (Answer)

compounds that break into OH- ions turn litmus paper BLUE

Front (Question)

what are ALKALIS?

Back (Answer)

soluble bases

Front (Question)

what is the pH scale?

Back (Answer)

a measure of the number of H+ ions in a solution • lots of H+ means low pH • lots of OH- means high pH

Front (Question)

acid + metal = ?

Back (Answer)

salt + hydrogen

Front (Question)

acid + metal oxide = ?

Back (Answer)

salt + water

Front (Question)

acid + metal hydroxide = ?

Back (Answer)

salt + water

Front (Question)

acid + metal carbonate = ?

Back (Answer)

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Front (Question)

acid + alkali = ?

Back (Answer)

salt + water

#10

Front (Question)

how are salts formed?

Back (Answer)

when a base neutralizes an acid

#11

Front (Question)

what are the three methods of SALT PREPARATION? what are the REACTANTS and PRODUCTS of each?

Back (Answer)

EXCESS: insoluble base + acid = soluble salt + water TITRATION: soluble base + acid = soluble salt + water PRECIPITATION: soluble salt + soluble salt = insoluble salt + soluble salt

#12

Front (Question)

what are the steps of the EXCESS method? draw a diagram and explain step by step (6)

Back (Answer)

• warm acid • add EXCESS INSOLUBLE BASE • FILTER mixture • HEAT (evaporating dish over bunsen burner) to evaporate water → CRYSTALS form • leave to cool • FILTER to get crystal and dry the crystals

#13

Front (Question)

EXCESS METHOD: • why is acid warmed? • why is an excess of insoluble base used? • why do you filter the mixture?

Back (Answer)

• to speed up reaction • so all acid react • remove excess insoluble base

#14

Front (Question)

what are the steps of the TITRATION method? draw a diagram and explain step by step (6)

Back (Answer)

• ALKALI+INDICATOR in the conical flask • add ACID to alkali (using burette) • note the VOLUME OF ACID added —– repeat without indicator —– • HEAT (evaporating dish over bunsen burner) to evaporate water → CRYSTALS form • leave to cool • FILTER to get crystal and DRY the crystals

#15

Front (Question)

TITRATION METHOD: why do you use an indicator first, then repeated without the indicator?

Back (Answer)

to know the volume of acid needed to neutralize the solution

#16

Front (Question)

what are the steps of the PRECIPITATION method? (4)

Back (Answer)

• MIX the two soluble salts • FILTER to get precipitate • WASH the precipitate with distilled water • leave to DRY

#17

Front (Question)

define concentration of the solution

Back (Answer)

the number of moles per dm3

#18

Front (Question)

how to convert dm3 to cm3?

Back (Answer)

1 dm3 = 1000 cm3

#19

Front (Question)

how to convert moles into grams?

Back (Answer)

(mol/dm3) x (molar mass)

#20

Front (Question)

what are some SAFETY PRECAUTIONS during salt preparation?

Back (Answer)

safety goggles gloves to avoid contact (acid/alkali are irritating) long hair tied up (fire)

#21

Front (Question)

revise the DIAGRAM+APPARATUS of salt preparations in notes!!

Back (Answer)

check notes :)

#22

Front (Question)

what salts are ALWAYS SOLUBLE?

Back (Answer)

SPA - sodium, potassium, ammonium Nitrates

#23

Front (Question)

what salts are SOLUBLE most of the time? what are the exceptions?

Back (Answer)

Sulfates (except with Pb, Hg, Ag, Ca, Sr, Ba) Group 7 (except with Pb, Hg, Ag)

#24

Front (Question)

what salts are INSOLUBLE most of the time? what are the exceptions?

Back (Answer)

CO3 OH (except when with SPA)