Definitions

Cells within the nervous system that receive and transmit information to other cells

The surface structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

Cell structure that supports metabolic activities and provides energy to the cell for its activities

Sites within a cell that synthesize new protein molecules

Provide building materials for the cells and facilitates chemical reactions

Receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle

Specialized at one end to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation such as touch or smell

Cell body containing nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria. Metabolic work happens in soma

Thin fiber that conveys an impulse to other neurons, an organ, or a muscle.

The end of an axon branch where the axon releases chemicals that cross through the junction between that neuron and another cell

Act as part of the immune system by removing viruses and fungi from the brain. Also contribute to learning by removing the weakest synapses

In the brain and spinal cord, build the myelin sheaths that protect certain vertebrate axons and provide nutrients

Guide the migration of neurons and axons and dendrites during embryonic development

Protects from irreparable brain damage, but some viruses still get through such as rabies

Keeps out good chemicals such as fuel and amino acids

A protein-mediated process that expends energy to pump chemicals from the blood into the brain

Glucose

It is the only nutrient that crosses the blood brain barrier in large quantities

Thiamine

Cells that enhance and modify the activity of neurons

Soma, dendrites, axon with branches, and presynaptic terminals

A protein complex that repeatedly transports three sodium ions out of the cell while drawing two potassium ions into it, resulting in more sodium ions outside the membrane, and more potassium inside the membrane, ensuring resting potential

A network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations

A branching fiber whose surface is lined with specialized synaptic receptors that receives information from other neurons