C4.1
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What do the group 1 metals react with water to form
The group 1 metals react with water to form alkaline solutions.
As you go down group 1 what happens
Their density increasing however potassium doesn’t follow this trend because it’s less dense than lithium
What happens to the melting point as you go down the group
As you go down the group their melting point increases
What do alkali metals react with water to form (chemical equation)
They produce a metal hydroxide + hydrogen
How do the reactions with water change as you go down the group
Lithium fizzes steadily and slowly disappears Sodium melts to form a silvery ball, fizzes vigorously and quickly disappears Potassium ignites and quickly disappears
Why does the reactivity of group 1 metals increase down the group
Because they lose their outer shell electrons easier: The outer shell electron is further away from the nucleus meaning there is less attraction between the nucleus and electro Therefore electrons further away are lost more easily. Making them more reactive.
What do the group 7 elements exist as
They exist as diatomic molecules with weak intermolecular forces
What do the group 7 elements look like
They are coloured or form coloured compounds
What happens as you go down group 7
Density increases Melting points and boiling points increase
What are the colours of the group 7 elements
Fluorine - pale yellow Chlorine - green gas Bromine - orange/brown liquid Iodine - shiny/grey black crystalline
What do halogens react with metals to produce
They react with metals to produce salts. They react vigorously with them especially if the metal is heated first.
How does the reactivity change down the group
The reactivity decreases as you go down the group as the halogens with more electron shells find it more difficult to attract electrons to complete their outer shell.
What is a halide
A compound containing a group 7 element and one other element
What is a halogen displacement reaction
Where a more reactive halogen displaces a less reaction halide in a solution.
What happens when chlorine reacts with sodium bromide
It forms sodium chloride + bromine. The solution also becomes orange-brown as bromine has been displaced.
What can each halogen displace
Chlorine displaces - bromine from bromides and iodine from iodides Bromine displaces iodine from iodides Iodine can’t displace either
What colour does the solution become in a reaction
The solution becomes the colour of the displaced halogen
What happens to one substance in a halogen displacement reaction
One substance is reduced and one substance is oxidised
What are the elements in Group 0 called
They are called the noble gases
Why are the elements in Group 0 unreactive
The elements in Group 0 are un reactive as they have a complete outer shell.
What do the noble gases exist as
The noble gases are monotomic, they exist as single forces of attraction between them.
Do the noble gases have high or low boiling points
The noble gases have low boiling points as the forces are easily overcome.
What happens as you go down group 0
The attractive forces between atoms gets stronger and the boiling point increases
What happens to the density as you go down group 0
The density increases.