3. notes and revision

Biodiversity is the variety of all life on earth. It includes genetic diversity, species diversity and habitat diversity.

economic value genetic divesity ie increaed survival rate Humans benefit financially from biodiversity. Natural capital gives us goods that can be sold – such as timber, agricultural food crops, medicines and pharmaceutical drugs and the clothes we wear. Biodiversity maintains genetic diversity and thus is important to the continuation of evolution increasing survival rate.

Climate Age of the area habitat range Age of the area: Older areas tend to have higher biodiversity. This is due to the fact that a longer time-span allows organisms to diversify more and drive greater speciation. Environmental stability: Some areas of the planet have experienced environmental disturbances (volcanic eruptions, earthquake or floods) and/or climatic disturbances (glaciations or drought) which may destroy large numbers of species. These areas have had less time for colonisation and species adaptation. Range of habitats: A wide range of habitats will allow the organisms to move into new habitats and ecological niches, therefore evolving and driving speciation.

Species diversity is the richness and evenness of the species.

Increased survival rate increased resiliance and adaptation reduced extinction chances prevention of inbreeding There is a better chance that some members of the species will be resilient and survive environmental change caused by things such as disease, climate change and pollution. Low genetic diversity (often caused by small populations) causes inbreeding which makes the genetic make-up of the population more uniform. Extinction is frequently preceded by a drop in genetic diversity.

simpsons diversity index N(N-1) / E n(n-1)

Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within the genetic pool of a population of a species

Promotes genetic diversity increases adaptability leads to speciation thus species diversity Separation prompts greater variations in the gene pools.This results in higher genetic diversity. High genetic diversity increases species adaptability and can lead to speciation and thus higher species diversity.

Habitat diversity is the range of different habitats in an area.​

Speciation is the formation of a new species through biological processes.

VICS 1. variation - This is the genetic diversity Within a population of one species 2. Inheritance The offspring of fitter individuals may inherit the genes that give them that advantage. 3. Competitve advantage Due to natural variation, some individuals will be fitter than others and therefore have a comparative advantage. 4. survival of the fittest Fitter individuals are more likely to survive long enough to reproduce more successfully than individuals who are less fit.

Natural selection is the gradual evolutionary change that results from genetic variation in each generation. ggg

This is the genetic diversity Within a population of one species

The gradual change in geentic chararcter of populations over many generations archived mostly through natural selection ggg thru natural selection

• Over population • variation • selection • adaptation

this is an inheritred characterist that increases an organisms chance of survival

this is the continental drift theory that expalins the distribution of continents

This is when two populations get separated by environmental cahnges eg sea level change

Geographic - physically separated temporal - awake at different times of the day behavioural - different mating rituals

These are unique to a particular location and not found any where else eg lemurs of madagscar ie king julien

divergent margins are where plates move apart and cause diversification

where plates move together

Mass extinction is a sudden global decrease in the number of species over a relatively short period of time.

Background or normal extinction is the standard rate at which species go extinct.