13.3 Reactions of Alkenes
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Are alkenes more or less reactive than their corresponding alkanes?
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Explain the difference in reactivity of alkenes and alkanes:
alkenes MORE reactive due to presence of PI BOND which is WEAKER than sigma bonds so requires less energy to break.
What type of reaction do alkenes undergo?
addition onto double bond
What addition reactions do alkenes undergo?
HYDROGENATION HALOGENATION + HALOGEN HALIDES HYDRATION
What is the general equation + conditions for HYDROGENATION of alkenes?
Alkene + Hydrogen ⟶ Alkane ▪ NICKEL catalyst ▪ 423K
What is the general equation + conditions for HALOGENATION of alkenes?
Alkene + Halogen ⟶ Haloalkane no specific conditions
What is the general equation + conditions for adding HYDROGEN HALIDES to alkenes?
Alkene + Hydrogen Halides ⟶ Haloalkane ▪ room temperature
What is the general equation + conditions for HYDRATION of alkenes?
Alkene + Steam ⟶ Alcohol ▪ phosphoric acid, H3PO4
What is the test for unsaturation?
add BROMINE WATER, Br(aq) + H2O(l) Solution turns from ORANGE ⟶ COLOURLESS. (Br ions taken out of solution during addition reaction)
Alkene + Hydrogen ⟶
Alkane
Alkene + Halogen ⟶
Haloalkane (2 halogen atoms attached)
Alkene + Hydrogen halide ⟶
Haloalkane (1 halogen atom attached)
Alkene + Steam ⟶
Alcohol