Chapter 3
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Cardiorespiratory endurance
the ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate-to-high levels of intensity
The cardiorespiratory system consists of?
the heart, the blood vessels, and the respiratory system (air passages, trachea, bronchi, and lungs).
What is the role of the heart?
to pump oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood to the rest of the body
The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs in what is called the..
pulmonary circulation
the left side pumps blood through the rest of the body in what is called the…
systemic circulation
The period of the heart’s contraction is called
Systole
the period of relaxation is called
Diastole
Blood pressure is greater during systole or during diastole?
Systole
the split-second sequence of contractions of the heart’s four chambers is called?
the heartbeat
Veins or Arteries carry blood to the heart?
Veins
What does The respiratory system do in the body?
supplies oxygen to the body and carries off carbon dioxide and helps regulate acid produced during metabolism.
Capillaries
very small blood vessels that distribute blood to all parts of the body
Heart Rhythm
Controlled by nerve impulses generated from an electrical node within the heart (AV node)
Alveoli =
tiny air sacs in the lungs through whose walls gases such as O2 and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of the blood via capillaries
Metabolism is?
the sum of all chemical processes necessary to maintain the body
ATP is?
(adenosine triphosphate): The energy “currency” of cells.
What are the Three Energy Systems
Immediate [anaerobic-alactic] Non-Oxidative [anaerobic-lactic] Oxidative [aerobic]
Higher exercise demand + physical fitness results in:
• higher metabolic rate • physical adaptation to exercise demands trains the body to produce and use energy efficiently • mitochondria (aerobic energy system) use carbohydrates + fats to produce ATP • more energy can be produced for powerful or sustained exercise • the fit body works at lower intensities (more fat used as fuel)
Higher physical fitness results in
• Higher resting metabolic rate * More energy can be produced for powerful or sustained exercise
Training improves the body’s ability to?
produce energy abundantly and efficiently, using more fat as fuel and producing fewer wastes to interfere with performance
Benefits of CV Endurance Exercise?
• cardio-respiratory function • cellular metabolism • ability to control body fat • immune function • psychological and emotional well-being
Rate of decline in physical functioning after the age of 30 is approx. 0.5 – 1% per year, including:
• reduced VO2 max. • reduced cardiac output • reduced muscular strength • reduced fat-free body mass • reduced joint mobility, etc.
Performing CV training AFTER muscular training reduces?
risks such as: • increased blood pressure • increased stiffness in blood vessel walls • increased negative changes to blood vessel linings
Monitoring Your Heart Rate, where on your body?
Carotid artery in the neck (light touch) • Radial artery in the wrist below thumb