24.3 Stereoisomerism in Complex Ions
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What is a stereoisomer?
molecules with: same structural formula different arrangement of atoms in space
What types of stereoisomerism can complex ions show?
• cis-trans • optical (cis isomers only)
What type of stereoisomer is this square planar complex ion? Draw the other isomer.
cis (same groups are on same sides)
What type of stereoisomer is this octahedral complex ion? Draw the other isomer.
cis
What type of stereoisomer is this octahedral complex ion? Draw the other isomer.
trans
What type of stereoisomer is this square planar complex ion? Draw the other isomer.
trans (same groups are 180° from each other, opposite sides)
What type of stereoisomer is this octahedral complex ion? Draw the other isomer.
cis (same groups 180° from each other)
What type of stereoisomer is this octahedral complex ion? Draw the other isomer.
trans (same groups are 180° from each other)
What causes cis-trans isomerism?
rigidity which prevents groups from swapping places. (rigidity usually arises due to a double bond, but in complex ions, groups are kept in position without)
What is an optical isomer?
type of stereoisomerism where molecules are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
What do octahedral complex ions require to show optical isomerism?
must be cis isomer with 2 or more bidentate ligands
Why can trans isomers not form optical isomers?
positioning of same groups opposite each other means mirror images are exactly the same & superimposable
How can complex ions be used in medicine?
Cis-platin used to inhibit tumour growth due to formation of platinum complex inside cells which binds to DNA, preventing replication. However, has many side effects