Chapter 12 and 13: Intermolecular Forces
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how are intemolecular forces to diffusion
IMF is inversely related to diffusion
what is the strength of gas’s IMF
weak
what is the strength of liquid’s IMF
moderate to strong IMF
what is the strength of solid’s IMF
strong IMF
as molecular motions increase, what happens to IMF
IMF decreases as molecular motions increase
how is kinetic energy related to IMF
IMF and KE are inversely related; when KE is high, IMF is low
what are intermolecular forces?
IMF is how atoms, molecules, and ions are attracted to or repelled from one another
intermolecular forces operate where in the molecule?
between molecules
IMF are based on what?
electrical interactions (unlike charges attract, like charges repel)
what does IMF do for molecules?
it hols them toghter in liquid and solids
strength of IMF depends on the BLANK of the molecules
structure
what are two key factors in the strength of IMF regarding structure of the molecule
the polarity and size of molecule
what is the boiling point of a liquid a measure of?
The strength of the IMF
the stronger the attractive forces in a liquid, the BLANK the temperature needed for separating the molecules form liquid state to a vapor
higher the temperature
what is indicated when size is similar but boiling point is different
the polarity of the molecules is different
what are the 4 types of IMF?
dipole-dipole forces, ion-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion forces
what is dipole-dipole force?
ineraction between 2 polar molecules
what is ion-diple force?
interaction between ion and a polar molecule
what is dispersion force?
interaction that occurs between ALL molecules
stength of dispersion force depends on what?
molecular size
what is hydrogen bond?
interaction between N-H, O-H, or F-H bond and a lone pair on an electronegative N, O, F atom on another molecule
polar molecules have what kind of charges?
opposite charges
the more polar a molecule the BLANK the dipole-dipole force
stronger
all hydrocarbons are nonpolar or polar?
nonpolar