Cardiovascular System Deck
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functions of the cardiovascular system
• to supply nutrients and oxygen to the body • to remove metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells • to distribute hormones and antibodies throughout the body • to help control body temperature and electrolyte balance
pericardium
a double membrane (sac) that covers the outside of the heart; contains a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats in order to prevent tissue damage
myocardium
the middle layer (of the heart); the thickest layer (of the heart); made of muscle tissue; pumps blood through the (cardiovascular) system
endocardium
smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and the blood vessels; allows for blood to flow smoothly through the system
the chambers of the heart
• atria (the two chambers atop) 2. septum (the two at the bottom)
septum
a thick, muscular wall that separates the left side from the right side of the heart
function of valves
to keep the blood flowing in only one direction
the two atrioventricular valves
the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
location of the atrioventricular valves
between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart (right side: tricuspid valve, left side: bicuspid valve)
the two semilunar valves
the pulmonary and aortic valves
location of the semilunar valves
between the ventricles and the vessels where blood leaves the heart
the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and lungs, while systemic circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body
the structures in order that blood flows through ending with the aortic valve
• right atrium • tricuspid valve • right ventricle • pulmonary valve • left atrium • bicuspid (mitral) valve • left ventricle • aortic valve • aorta - which sends the blood to all parts of the body
main artery in the body
aorta
two main veins
the superior and inferior vena cavas
liters of blood circulating through the average body
about 4 to 5 liters of blood
liquid part of blood
plasma
solid part of blood
formed elements
the formed elements
red blood cells, white blood cell,s platelets
function of red blood cells
to contain a protein called hemoglobin
lifespan of red blood cells
90 to 120 days
location of the removal of red blood cells
the liver and spleen
hemoglobin
protein; carries oxygen to all cells and removes carbon dioxide
function of white blood cells
to fight disease and infection