LIVER FUNCTION TESTS II
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which of the following in SPE pattern is the fastest band a. albumin b, alpha 1 globulin c. alpha 2 globulin d. beta globulin
normal spe pattern 1. Albumin - FASTEST , 1st band 2. alpha1 - globulin 3. alpha 2 globulin 4. beta globulins 5. gamma globulin slowest, 5th band
in which pattern in spe does haptoglobulin belongs a. albumin b, alpha 1 globulin c. alpha 2 globulin d. beta globulin
normal spe pattern • Albumin - FASTEST , 1st band • alpha1 - globulin • alpha 2 globulin • haptoglobulin • AMG • Ceruloplasmin • beta globulins • gamma globulin slowest, 5th band
in which pattern in spe does hemopexin belongs a. albumin b, alpha 1 globulin c. alpha 2 globulin d. beta globulin
normal spe pattern 1. Albumin - FASTEST , 1st band 2. alpha1 - globulin 3. alpha 2 globulin 4. beta globulins - transferrin - beta lipoprotein - hemopexin - complement (C3 andC4) 5. gamma globulin slowest, 5th band
beta gamma bridging a. multiple myeloma b. nephrotic syndrome c. juvenile cirrhosis d. hepatic cirrhosis
abnormal spe pattern • gamma spike - Multiple Myeloma • beta gamma - HEpatic cirrhosis • alpha 2 band nephrotic syndrome • alpha 1 flat juvenile cirrhosis (aat deficiency)
alpha 2 globulin flat curve a. multiple myeloma b. nephrotic syndrome c. juvenile cirrhosis d. hepatic cirrhosis
abnormal spe pattern • gamma spike - Multiple Myeloma • beta gamma - HEpatic cirrhosis • alpha 2 band nephrotic syndrome • alpha 1 flat juvenile cirrhosis (aat deficiency)
the SMALL SPIKE in BETA REGION is due to_________ a. iflammation b. nephrotic syndrome c. IDA d. chronic inflammation
• the SMALL SPIKE in BETA REGION is due to iIRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA • the presence of FREE HEMOGLOBIN will cause a BLIP in late alpha 2 and early beta zone region • Rheumatoid Arthritis and Malignancy would result to POLYCLONAL GAMMOPATHY classified as CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
which of the following methods can detect proteins as little as 1ug a. ninhydrin b. refractometry c. coomasie brilliant blue d. salt fractionation
Refractometry - ALTERNATIVE test for chemical analysis salt fractionation - Globulin cna be separated from albumin by slating out Coomasie brilliant blue dye - can detect proteins as little as 1ug
which of the ff is not increased in tp a. glomerulonephritis b. waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia c. multiple myeloma d. malignancy
increased TP (MMW) malignancy multiple myeloma waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia decreased glomerulonephritis hepatic cirrhosis starvation nephrotic syndrome
most common dye used to measure albumin a. BCG b. BCP c. HABA d. MO
• bromcresol green • most commonly used • Mehyl orange • Hydroxyazobenzene benzoic acid (haba) • Bromcresol puprle - most specific dye
end product of hemoglobin metabolism and the principal pigment of bile a. albumin b. globulin c. bilirubin d. total protein
Bilirubin • end product of hemoglobin metabolism and the principal pigment of bile • formed from destruction of heme containing proteins such as myoglobin, catalase and cytochrome oxidase
polar bilirubin a. conjugated b. unconjugated
B1/ unconjugated - non polar bilirubin B2/ conjugated - polar bilirubin
hemo bilirubin a. conjugated b. unconjugated
B1/ unconjugated - hemobilirubin B2/ conjugated - Cholebilirubin
prompt bilirubin a. conjugated b. unconjugated
B1/ unconjugated - slow reacting B2/ conjugated - one minute/ prompt bilirubin
water insoluble a. conjugated b. unconjugated
B1/ unconjugated - water insoluble B2/ conjugated - water soluble
important in diagnosis hepatic failure and Reye’s syndrome a. enzymes b. ammonia c. bilirubin d. total protein
ammonia • arises from deamination of amino acids • also released from METABOLIC REACTIONS that occur in SKELETAL MUSCLES DURING EXERCISE • important in diagnosis hepatic failure and Reye’s syndrome
commonly method use in ammonia a. ehrlich reagent b. berthelot c. glutamate dehydrogenase d. mc donald methdoq
ammonia specimen REQUIREMENTS : heparin / edta plasma (fasting); plasma/ serum kept in ice water immedately; hemolysis should be avoided common method : BETHELOT AND GLUMATE DEHYDROGENASE
WHAT IS THE PREFERRED SPECIMEN IN AMMONIA A. CAPILLARY BLOOD B. VENOUS BLOOD C. ARTERIAL BLOOD
ammonia PREFERRED SPECIMEN: ARTERIAL BLOOD specimen REQUIREMENTS : heparin / edta plasma (fasting); plasma/ serum kept in ice water immedately; hemolysis should be avoided common method : BETHELOT AND GLUMATE DEHYDROGENASE