Metals
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What is the order of reactivity series? (Highest to lowest)
Please, send, lions, cats, monkeys, and, cute, zebras, into, hot, countries, signed, greg Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Hydrogen, Copper, Silver, Gold
What is metallic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons
What are the properties of metals?
High MP/BP - Strong metallic bonds lots of energy is needed to break them Conducts electricity - Delocalised electrons are free to move through the lattice Malleable - The lattice of metal ions can slip over each other but still maintain its structure
What is the trend in Group 1 Metals? (More shells = More reactive)
The number of shells increases The outer electron is further from the nucleus The attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron is weaker so less energy is needed to remove outer electron
What are the two native elements? Native - chemically unconfined
Gold and Silver
What two methods are there for extracting metal ores from their compounds?
Use electricity Metals more reactive than carbon Electricity can break down their ore compounds Carbon Extraction Metal is less reactive than carbon so can be displaced
What is reduction reaction?
Loss of oxygen
What is oxidation reaction?
Gains oxygen
What is the chemical name for rust?
Hydrated Iron (lll) oxide
What two substances are required to from rust?
oxygen water
What is the barrier method?
Paint/oil.grease/plastic coating Coats the metal to prevent oxygen or water coming in contract with the metal
What is sacrificial protection?
More reactive metal reacts with iron oxide to displace oxygen E.g magnesium
What is galvanising?
Coating the iron with zinc it prevents oxygen and water coming in contact with the iron
What is an alloy?
Alloys are a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements
Why is an alloy harder?
different sized atoms/ions prevent the layers of metal ions from sliding over each other
What is Low carbon steel used for?
Ships, cars, bridges Strong + malleable
What is high carbon steel used for?
Tools e.g knives and screwdrivers Hard so less malleable
What is Stainless steel used for?
Cutlery, cooking utensils and kitchen sinks Forms an oxide layer that resists corrosion - stays shiny and clean
What is Copper used for?
Wires, cooking pans, water pipes Conducts electricity, conducts heat, unreactive and malleable
What is aluminium used for?
Aircraft bodies, Power cables Low density and high strength and conducts
Oxidising Agent
A substance that oxidises other substances
Reducing Agent
A substance that reduces a subtance