[Part 2]- C5- Chemical changes ⚗️
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acid + carbonate———>
acid + [metal] carbonate———> salt + water + carbon dioxide
acid + base——->
• acid + base——-> salt + water • [This is also known as a neutralisation reaction.]
acid + metal——>
acid + metal———> salt + hydrogen [gas]
acid + alkali——>
acid + alkali———> salt + water
What type of salt is produced, when hydrochloric acid reacts with metal ?
• hydrochloric acid, produces salts that end in the word -chloride
What type of salt is produced, when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal ?
• hydrochloric acid, produces salts that end in the word -sulfate
How does magnesium react with hydrochloric acid ? Hint: why ?
• hydrochloric acid + magnesium—-> magnesium chloride + hydrogen • magnesium reacts rapidly with acids, because magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen • therefore it can easily displace hydrogen from acids.
What is the equation for how magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid ?
• sulfuric acid + magnesium——> magnesium sulfate + hydrogen.
How does zinc react with hydrochloric acid ?
• hydrochloric acid + zinc—-> zinc chloride + hydrogen. • zinc reacts rapidly with acids since, is more reactive than hydrogen- therefore it can easily displace hydrogen from acids.
What is the equation for the reaction of zinc and hydrochloric acid?
• zinc + hydrochloric acid——> zinc sulfate + hydrogen.
How does iron react with hydrochloric acid ?
• hydrochloric acid + iron—> iron chloride + hydrogen. • iron reacts slowly with acids. • This is because although iron is more reactive than hydrogen, it’s only slightly more reactive= therefore the reaction will be slower.
What is the equation for the reaction bewteen sulfuric acid and hydrogen ? Hint: iron
• sulfuric acid + iron ——> iron sulfate + hydrogen.
What is the rate of reaction with dilute acids ? Hint: zinc
• magnesium- has a very rapid reaction and easily forms Mg2+ • zinc- has a quite rapid reaction and quite easily forms Zn2+ • ; iron- has a slow reaction, and less easily forms the positive ion Fe2+
What happens when we react an acid, with a base or alkali ? Hint: what are the products ?
• when we react an acid with a base or alkali, we make a salt and water.
What do salts contain ? 🧂 Hint: ion
• salts contain a positive ion- this comes from the base or alkali. • salts also contain a negative ion- this comes from the acid.
What does sulfuric acid produce ?
• sulfuric acid produces sulfates
What does hydrochloric acid produce ?
• nitric acid produces nitrates
What happens when acids react with a metal carbonate ?
• when acids acids react with a metal carbonate, they make: a salt, a water and carbon dioxide.
What is a strong acid ?
• a strong acid completely dissociates/ionises in aqueous solutions
What are some examples of strong and weak acids
• strong acids: • sulfuric acid • nitric acid • and hydrochloric acid • weak acids: • ethanoic acid • citric acid • carbonic acid
What is a weak acid ?
• weak acids partially dissociates/ionises in aqueous solutions. • a weak acid can be identified by this reversible reaction symbol: ⇌
What the difference 🆚 a strong and weak acid ?
• a strong acid completely dissociates/ionises in aqueous solutions; - weak acids partially dissociates/ionises in aqueous solutions.
How can the pH scale give us an idea of the concentration, of hydrogen ions [H+]? Hint: strong
• strong acids have a lower pH, than weak acids, for a given concentration. • this is because they fully dissociate/ionise, producing a greater concentration of hydrogen ions, than weak acids.
What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions, if the pH scale decreases by one unit ?
• if the pH scale decreases by one unit, the concentration of hydrogen ions increases by ten times. [by a factor of 1.0- known as one order of magnitude] • and if the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases by a factor of 10, the pH increases by a factor of 1.0