Chemical Reactions And Metals
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Redox reactions
Reactions involving simultaneous oxidation and reduction
Oxidation
The gain of oxygen, or loss of hydrogen, or loss of electrons
Reduction
Gain of hydrogen, or loss of oxygen, or gain of electrons
Metal physical properties
• good conductors (thermal/electrical) • malleable and ductile • usually have high mp and bp
Non-metal physical properties
• poor conductors (electricity and thermal) except graphite • brittle • usually low mp and bp
Metal + acid
Metal + acid —> hydrogen + salt
Cold water and metal reactions
Only very reactive metals react with it (K, Na, Ca)to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen
Metals and steam reaction
Some metals (Mg) react with steam to form metal oxide and hydrogen
Why is aluminium used in aircraft
It has low density
Why is aluminium used in overhead electrical cables
It has low density and good electrical conductivity
Why is aluminium used in food containers
It resists corrosion
Why is copper issued in electrical wiring
It has very good electrical conductivity
Alloy
A mixture of metal with other elements
What is brass made of
Copper and zinc
What is stainless steel made of
Iron, chromium, nickel, and carbon
How do alloys compare to pure metals
Alloys are usually harder, stronger and more useful
What is stainless steel used in cutlery
It is hard and resists rusting
How are alloys harder than pure metals
Different sized atoms in alloys prevent layers from sliding over each other
Reactivity series order
Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold
How is reactivity related to ion formation
More reactive metals form positive ions more easily
Which metals react with cold water
Potassium, sodium and calcium
Which metal reacts with steam but not cold water
Magnesium
Which metals react with dilute HCl acid
magnesium, zinc, iron
How can you deduce an order of reactivity
By comparing experimental results of displacement or acid/water reactions