Lecture 6 - Identification of common functional groups and drawing
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What is wrong with this drawing?
Carbon has Sp3 hybridisation, with a bond angle of 109.5. This makes drawing does not represent that and makes the bond angle look 90 degrees.
Give 5 ways of drawing ethanol
What is -R?
alkyl group
What is -Ar
aromatic group
Draw alcohol
Draw aldehyde
Draw aldehyde
What is another name for ethanal?
Acetaldehyde
Draw carboxylic acid
What are two other names for ethanoic acid?
acetic acid and vinegar
How do we get from an alcohol to an aldehyde?
oxidation
How do we get from an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?
oxidation
draw an ester- methyl ester
How do we get an ester?
condensation reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol.
What is the hybridisation of carbon in an ester?
Sp2 hybridised, trigonal planar shape, 120 bond angle.
Draw an ether- diethylether. How is it formed?
reaction of two alcohols
Draw a ketone. What is the hybridisation in the ketone?
sp2, trigonal planar.
Draw a lactone- the delta lactone. Why is it called delta lactone?
Because the oxygen is bonded to the delta carbon.
When does a carboxylate ion form? Draw the general reaction.
A carboxylic acid is deprotonated by the base to form a carboxylate ion
Draw ethanethiol. Give a property of thiols
THEY STINK!
Draw disulphide bridge
Draw an amine. Describe their shape.
N is sp3 hybridised, so trigonal pyramidal with a lone pair available. Basic.
Draw an amide. Why are their lone pairs not available?
N is sp2 hybridised. Mesomeric effect: lone pairs are not available, as they are smeared towards the carbonyl group. Not basic.
Draw delta lactam.
