Lecture 2 - The Objective Evaluation of Physical Fitness

• Pre-exercise screening • Pre-exercise evaluation • Exercise testing • Post-exercise consultation

• increases heart rate • increases blood flow to muscle and heart • increase the temp of the muscle • [good for energy-releasing chemical reactions] food + O2 -> energy +CO2 + H2O • increased release of O2 from haemoglobin to skeletal muscle • reduce stiffness of muscle • reduce chances of getting Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) • Prime your nerve-muscle connections • Prepare you mentally • Lactic acid gets broken down a dew hours after exercise by liver

• Breathing: increases tidal volume rest: 500ml exercise: 3000ml • Breathing: increases breathing rate rest: 10-15/min exercise: 40/min • Pumping the heart rest: 70ml/beat exercise: 130ml/beat • Pumping of the heart: increases the heart rate rest: 70bpm exercise: 150bpm • Increase energy-releasing reactions in skeletal muscles • More blood flow to muscle [supply more nutrients + O2 and waste removal

• help heart and breathing rates to gradually get back to resting levels • help avoid fainting or dizziness • help remove waste material, especially lactic acid

• to avoid doing any harm to a patient or subject • morbidity is 1 : 10,000 exercise test • mortality is 1 : 100,000 exercise test

• may be a physical exam by the doctor

testing that includes: • a resting blood pressure measurement • the evaluation may also include a resting ECG • May also include pulmonary function [resting lung function]

Right atria, Left atria –> blood flows in Right ventricle [pump blood to lung], left ventricle[pump to whole body; thick muscular walls]

check 26/7/18

• simple fitness testing • diagnostic test to uncover underlying disease • measure of responses to a fitness regimen

check graph 26/7/18

• Amount of oxygen consumed, highest heart rate reached, subjective rate of effort, amount of lactate produced

• looking for abnormal responses in heart rate and rhythm (ECG), blood pressure and symptoms during physical activity • physician is usually present

• BP is monitored against at each stage - usually systolic pressure to increase and diastolic to remain the same