Chapter 11
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Parallel muscles when ______ causes muscle to bulge.
Contracts.
4 patterns of fascicle organization?
Parallel. Convergent. Pennate. Circular.
Parallel muscles define. one example.
fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle. biceps brachii.
Muscle fibers pull in different directions, depending on stimulation.
Convergent muscles.
example of convergent muscle.
Pectoralis major.
Define convergent muscle.
Broad area converges on attachment site ( tendon, aponeurosis, or raphe).
Three types of pennate muscles.
Unipennate. bipennate. Multipennate.
Unipennate muscles. example.
fibers on one side of tendon. Extensor digitorum.
Bipennate muscles. example.
fibers on both sides of tendon. Rectus femoris.
Multipennate muscles, example.
tendon branches within muscle. Deltoid.
Circular muscles are also called….
Sphincters.
Function of sphincter (circular muscles). Example.
Open and close to guard entrances of body. Obicularis Oris.
Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton and produce ______.
motion.
Types of muscle ______ affects power, range, and speed of muscle movement.
attachment.
Mechanically, each bone is a ______.
Lever.
Mechanically, each joint is a _______.
fulcrum (a fixed point).
Muscles provide _________, required to overcome resistance.
Applied Force.
3 functions of a lever to change:
direction of an applied force. distance and speed of movement produced by an applied force. effective strength of an applied force.
What does each class of levers depend on for identification?
The relationship between applied force, fulcrum, and resistance.
3 classes of levers?
first. second. third.
Seesaw is an example of which lever?
First class.
Describe first class lever.
Center fulcrum between applied force and resistance.
In a first class lever, what are balanced?
Force and resistance.
Wheelbarrow is an example of which lever?
Second class.