Chapter 4 (imperfections)

No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.

Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

what is solidification

Back (Answer)

the result of casting of molten material

Front (Question)

steps of solidification:

Back (Answer)

• Nuclei form • Nuclei grow • grain structure is achieved (not considered a step)

Front (Question)

what do we call grains that are of equal length

Back (Answer)

equiaxed

Front (Question)

what do we call grains that have been elongated

Back (Answer)

columnar

Front (Question)

List the types of point defects

Back (Answer)

• Vacancy • interstitial • substitutional

Front (Question)

how can we increase the number of vacancies

Back (Answer)

increase temp

Front (Question)

solvent:

Back (Answer)

host element

Front (Question)

solute:

Back (Answer)

minor element

Front (Question)

list the conditions for solid subsitution, and what is this law called?

Back (Answer)

• difference in atomic radius must be less than 15% • similar electronegativities • same crystal structure • Valency this law is called the W. Hume-Rothery rule

#10

Front (Question)

plastic deformation is produced by what type of defect

Back (Answer)

line defects, more specifically dislocations

#11

Front (Question)

where would impure atoms go?

Back (Answer)

interstitial spaces

#12

Front (Question)

Linear Defect:

Back (Answer)

1D misalignment

#13

Front (Question)

Edge Dislocation

Back (Answer)

extra half plane is inserted (b vector is perpendicular to dislocation line)

#14

Front (Question)

screw dislocation

Back (Answer)

spiral planar ramp is inserted (b vector is parallel to dislocation line)

#15

Front (Question)

3 properties of grain boundaries

Back (Answer)

• high mobility • high diffusivity • high chemical reactivity

#16

Front (Question)

how are grain boundaries produced

Back (Answer)

by the solidification process

#17

Front (Question)

how can we explain the causing of equiaxed grains

Back (Answer)

there a greater delta T near the wall during formation

#18

Front (Question)

what kind of defect is a grain boundary

Back (Answer)

Area defect

#19

Front (Question)

which factors can cause vacancies?

Back (Answer)

solidification process, heating, neutrons, working

#20

Front (Question)

what is substitutional solid solution

Back (Answer)

when a host atom is replaced by another atom which can be either larger or smaller. note: DO NOT CONFUSE WITH SUBSTITUTIONAL DIFFUSION!!!

#21

Front (Question)

what is an insterstitial solid solution

Back (Answer)

same as substitutional except it goes between atoms and is typically smaller

#22

Front (Question)

what do these (S.S.S) cause?

Back (Answer)

distortions to the lattice

#23

Front (Question)

will a metal have a greater tendency to dissolve another metal of lower or higher valency?

Back (Answer)

higher

#24

Front (Question)

if you have both a screw and edge dislocation, what is this referred to as?

Back (Answer)

mixed dislocation