ORGANIC CHEM - ALKANES + HALOGENOALKANES

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

How is crude oil separated into fractions?

Back (Answer)

• crude oil vaporised • crude oil rises up the column • temp gradient in column (hotter at the bottom, cooler at the top) • as the gas moves up the column, hydrocarbons condense at their boiling points • boiling point depends on the size of the molecules (longer hydrocarbon chains have stronger van der waals forces so therefore higher boiling points) • larger hydrocarbon chains condense at the bottom of the column while shorter hydrocarbon chains condense at the top

Front (Question)

What is a fraction?

Back (Answer)

a mixture of hydrocarbon chains with similar boiling points

Front (Question)

What is cracking?

Back (Answer)

breaking down longer hydrocarbon chains into smaller hydrocarbon chains as they are more useful

Front (Question)

What conditions are required for thermal cracking?

Back (Answer)

• temp - 900°C • pressure - 70 atm • steam • no catalyst

Front (Question)

What are the products of thermal cracking?

Back (Answer)

alkenes

Front (Question)

What are the conditions required for catalytic cracking?

Back (Answer)

• temp - 450°C • pressure - 1-2 atm • catalyst - zeolites

Front (Question)

What are the products of catalytic cracking?

Back (Answer)

motor fuels (cyclic alkanes, branched alkanes, aromatics)

Front (Question)

What are the products of complete combustion of an alkane?

Back (Answer)

CO2 and H2O

Front (Question)

What are the products of incomplete combustion of an alkane?

Back (Answer)

CO/C (carbon particulates) and H2O

#10

Front (Question)

How is CO2 formed?

Back (Answer)

complete combustion

#11

Front (Question)

What problem(s) does CO2 cause?

Back (Answer)

global warming

#12

Front (Question)

How can the problem caused by CO2 be reduced?

Back (Answer)

burn less fossil fuels

#13

Front (Question)

How is CO formed?

Back (Answer)

incomplete combustion

#14

Front (Question)

What problem(s) does CO cause?

Back (Answer)

death

#15

Front (Question)

How can the problem caused by CO be reduced?

Back (Answer)

• burn substances in sufficient O2 • catalytic converters in cars

#16

Front (Question)

How are carbon particulates (C) formed?

Back (Answer)

incomplete combustion

#17

Front (Question)

What problem(s) do carbon particulates (C) cause?

Back (Answer)

• global dimming • respiratory problems

#18

Front (Question)

How can the problem caused by carbon particulates (C) be reduced?

Back (Answer)

burn substances in sufficient O2

#19

Front (Question)

How is SO2 formed?

Back (Answer)

burning fuels

#20

Front (Question)

What problem(s) does SO2 cause?

Back (Answer)

acid rain

#21

Front (Question)

How can the problem caused by SO2 be reduced?

Back (Answer)

• can be removed from waste gases by flue gas desulfurization • CaO + SO2 → CaSO3

#22

Front (Question)

How are nitrogen oxides (NOx) formed?

Back (Answer)

at high temps (eg: in car engines) N reacts O2 to NOx

#23

Front (Question)

What problem(s) do nitrogen oxides (NOx) cause?

Back (Answer)

• respiratory problems • acid rain • smog

#24

Front (Question)

How can the problem caused by nitrogen oxides (NOx) be reduced?

Back (Answer)

• catalytic converters in cars remove NOx • 2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2