Organic Chemistry
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What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound that is formed from carbon and hydrogen atoms only
Do the properties of hydrocarbons change as the chain changes length?
Yes
Name 3 properties of shorter carbon chain
• More runny hydrocarbon is - less viscous (gloopy) • More volatile (turns into a gas at a lower temperature) • More flammable
Name 2 hydrocarbons
• Alkanes • Alkenes
What type of series are alkanes?
Homologous series
Define a homologous series
A group of organic compounds that react in a similar way
What type of bonds to alkanes have?
C-C single bonds
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Cn H2n+2
What type of compounds are alkanes and what does this mean?
Saturated Compounds Each carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds
Name the 1st four alkanes
• Methane • Ethane • Propane • Butane
Name the formula for methane and draw it
Name the formula for ethane and draw it
Name the formula for propane and draw it
Name the formula for butane and draw it
When does complete combustion occur?
When there’s plenty of oxygen
Does complete combustion release a lot of energy?
Yes
Name the waste products of complete combustion
Carbon dioxide and water vapour
What happens during complete combustion to both the carbon and hydrogen from hydrocarbon?
They are oxidised
Why are hydrocarbons used as fuels?
Due to (large) amount of energy released when they combust completely
State the word equation for complete combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
What happens when you burn alkenes in large amounts of oxygen?
Alkenes combust completely to produce only water and carbon dioxide
When you burn alkenes in the air, what do they tend to do?
They tend to undergo incomplete combustion
State the word equation incomplete combustion of when using alkenes
alkene + oxygen → carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
What type of flame does incomplete combustion result in?
Smoky yellow flame