2.2 Programming Fundamentals

Sequences of instructions for a computer.

A named memory address that holds a value.

Variable that can be accessed and changed throughout the program

variables are confined to a loop or subprogram

• Sequence • Selection • Iteration

A set of instructions that follow on one from another

A decision where the program decides to move on based on the results of an event.

The repetition of a block of statements within a computer program.

• Count-controlled • Condition-controlled

By testing a condition

• repeatedly executes a section of code a fixed number of predetermined times • for loop

• repeatedly executes a section of code until a condition is met - or no longer met • while loop

Including one programming construct within another.

• Nested selection • Nested Iteration

a character that determine what action is to be performed.

data is divided up and organised according to type

• Integer • Float • Character • String • Boolean

Changing the data type of a variable

len()

connecting strings of characters next to each other

• file = open(“FileName.csv”,”a”) • “a” = append • “w” = writes • “r” = read

• file.append() = Lists • file.write() = Files

• file.close()

Structured Query Language