Principles of Infection II

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

What is anaerobic bacteria?

Back (Answer)

Bacteria that grows in the absence of oxygen.

Front (Question)

What is aerobic bacteria?

Back (Answer)

Bacteria that requires oxygen to grow.

Front (Question)

What is facultative bacteria?

Back (Answer)

BActeria that changes its metabolic processes depending on if oxygen is present. Respiration and fermentation

Front (Question)

Key features of a virus

Back (Answer)

Viruses are not living cells. Nucleic acid has a coat of protein (capsid)

Front (Question)

How do viruses work?

Back (Answer)

Replicate inside the host cell, then burst and spread the infection to other cells

Front (Question)

The attachment stage in the reproduction of virus:

Back (Answer)

Virus attaches to specific molecules on the cell surface

Front (Question)

Penetration stage in the reproduction of virus:

Back (Answer)

The virus enters the cell. Endocytosed into cell = viral entry

Front (Question)

Uncoating stage in the reproduction of virus:

Back (Answer)

The outer protein coat (capsid) is removed. Exposing the nucleic acid.

Front (Question)

Replication stage in the reproduction of virus:

Back (Answer)

Synthesis of nucleic acid (mRNA) and synthesis of protein coats. viral protein synthesis occurs

#10

Front (Question)

Assembly stage in the reproduction of virus:

Back (Answer)

Protein modification = Maturation

#11

Front (Question)

Release stage in the reproduction of virus:

Back (Answer)

Virus is released from the host cell by Lyisis

#12

Front (Question)

What is lysis?

Back (Answer)

Lysis is the breaking down of the membrane of a cell

#13

Front (Question)

How is a virus released?

Back (Answer)

By cell lysis

#14

Front (Question)

What is opsonization?

Back (Answer)

Phagocytic cells attach to an antibody = phagocytosis

#15

Front (Question)

What are anatomical barriers?

Back (Answer)

Tough/intact barriers that prevent entry of microbiomes

#16

Front (Question)

Main White Blood Cells

Back (Answer)

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes

#17

Front (Question)

What is created during the secondary and primary response?

Back (Answer)

Memory cells

#18

Front (Question)

What is the role of memory cells?

Back (Answer)

Provide a quicker immune response. They remember the specific antigen protein

#19

Front (Question)

The three mechanisms that antibodies go through:

Back (Answer)

Neutralization Complement recruitment Opsonization

#20

Front (Question)

What is complement recruitment?

Back (Answer)

Antigen-antibody complexes are activated. The immune system responds to the bacteria

#21

Front (Question)

What are the 4 main stages of infection?

Back (Answer)

Transmission Infection Pathogenicity Virulence

#22

Front (Question)

What are the types of invasions?

Back (Answer)

Intracellular Extracellular

#23

Front (Question)

List the the host cells defences against bacteria

Back (Answer)

Cell wall Capsules - phagocytosis Toxins

#24

Front (Question)

2 host defence cells:

Back (Answer)

Neutrophils Macrophages