L69. Neoplasia 1
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What does “neoplasm” mean?
new growth
Describe the 2 neoplasm classifications.
• behavioural - benign or malignant 2. Histogenesis - epithelial, connective tissue or other
What is the growth pattern and spread of a benign tumour?
It expands in its area of origin and can press on other tissues.
Describe the growth and spread of a malignant tumour.
Invades other tissues and spreads much faster than a benign tumour.
Describe the 2 types of growths which can arise from squamous epithelium.
• Benign called “papilloma” 2. Malignant called “squamous cell carcinoma”
Name the 2 growth types from glandular epithelium, eg salivary.
• Benign called “adenoma” 2. Malignant called “adenocarcinoma”
Name the 2 growth types from smooth muscle.
Benign - leiomyoma Malignant - leiomyosarcoma
Name the 2 growth types from fibrous tissue
• Benign - fibroma 2. Malignant - fibrosarcoma
Name the 2 growth types from bone
• Benign - osteoma 2. Malignant - osteosarcoma
Name the 2 growth types from cartilage
• Benign - chondroma 2. Malignant - chondrosarcoma
Name the 2 growth types from fat
• Benign - Lipoma 2. Malignant - liposarcoma
Name the 2 growth types from a blood vessel
• Benign- angioma 2. Malignant - angiosarcoma
Name 2 chemical carcinogens.
drugs and alcohol
Name the 3 stages of tumour formation.
• Initiation (permanent DNA damage) • Promotion (agent promotes proliferation) • Latent period (time from promotion to tumour)
Give an example of physical carcinogenesis.
Ionising radiation
Describe the process of viral carcinogenesis.
Viral DNA is inserted into host DNA. RNA is reverse-transcribed and inserted.
What is leukoplakia?
Potentially malignant white patches which cannot be rubbed off.