Liquids and Gases

Similar composition however organism influences with increased CO2 relative to O2

Air allows aerobic organisms to thrive whilst rain causes saturation

Volatile Organic Compounds, contaimination varying with organism presence, so anaerobic organisms produce CH4, N2O, H2S when low in O2

Measure of how much water vapor in a water air mixture compared to the maximum amount possible

99-100%

Increased temperature holds more water vapour

Conc Grad, water content, size/number of pores, temperature and molecule type

Total porosity more important than pore size, and pore continuity with increasing speed with higher connectivity

Soil temp changes, gas velocity, atmosphere pressure changes, plant water extraction, wind blowing over surface increasing evaporation, flooding

Ratio of actual flow path relative to straight distance from end to end

This is the weight of material including the air space in unit volume

Compaction and porosity, being soill mass/V

This is mass to volume ratio of a mineral relative to water at 4C

Polarity, hydrogen bonding, surface tension, cationic hydration with binding

Na, Ca, Mg, K attracted to O

Ca, Mg, K, Cl, NO3, SO42, H2PO4, HPO42, HCO3

Water enters soil, dissolving soluble compounds, redistributing nutrients

Tropics high temp and precip means high biological activity, whilst humid climates with cold temp not

This is the amount of water within a soil after excess water has drained away

The point at which no water is avaiable to the plant

Field Capacity Permanent Wilting Point

Electrostatic interactions between ions, or solute/surface binding, solid phase dissolution in solution, solid precipitation, organic molecule weak soprtion pore retention and phase partinioning

Anionic: clays due to isomorphic substituion and H+ loss in humus

Coulombic forces being weaker than the covalent ones