Environmental Science unit 1

• Computers • Earth Sciences • Agriculture • Chemistry • Physics • Economics • Sociology • Psychology • Biology • Law • Engineering • Ethics • Politics • Philosophy

All living things deserve equal moral consideration

worldview that recognizes intrinsic value in all lifeforms and ecosystems themselves, including their abiotic components

values other lifeforms and ecosystems insofar as they are valuable for human well-being, preferences and interests

an economic concept that describes the depletion of a shared resource due to individual self-interest, despite the negative consequences for the collective.

central Mozambique

a region characterized by its resident life, environment, and climate.

Temperature Precipitation Location Wildlife biotic and abiotic material

• conservation and restoration • trophic rewilding • vegetation dynamics

Coniferous Forest Desert Grassland Rainforest Shrubland Temperate Deciduous Forest Tundra

A geographic area where Plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, interact and work together to form a self-sustaining bubble of life

Temp: 38C (day) -3.9 (night) precipitation: 250 mm Location: Between 15° and 35° latitude (north and south of the equator); examples are Mojave, Sonoran, Chihuahua, and Great Basin (North America); Sahara (Africa); Negev (Middle East); and Gobi (Asia)

Temperature: -20°C to 30°C Precipitation: 500 to 900 mm annually Location: The prairies of the Great Plains of North America, the pampas of South America, the veldt of South Africa, the steppes of Central Eurasia, and surrounding the deserts in Australia

Temperature: 20°C to 25°C Precipitation: 2,000 to 10,000 mm annually Location: Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

Temperature: Hot and dry in the summer, cool and moist in the winter Precipitation: 200 to 1,000 mm of rain per year Location: Western coastal regions between 30° and 40° latitude (north and south of the equator)

Temperature: -30°C to 30°C, yearly average is 10°C; hot summers, cold winters Precipitation: 750 to 1,500 mm of rain per year Location: Eastern United States, Canada, Europe, China, and Japan

Temperature: -40°C to 18°C Precipitation: 150 to 250 mm of rain per year Location: Regions south of the ice caps of the Arctic and extending across North America, Europe, and Siberia (high mountaintops)

Temperature: -40°C to 20°C; average summer temperature is 10°C Precipitation: 300 to 900 mm of rain per year Location: Canada, Europe, Asia, and the United States

-salt marshes -tidal freshwater marshes -inland freshwater marshes

• they buffer stormy areas • they slow shoreline erosion • they regulate freshwater flooding from the land into the ocean • Unique ecosystem that protects biodiversity • they absorb excess nutrients that would lower oxygen levels in the sea and harm wildlife

• form a grassy fringe along river mouths, bays and coastlines • ocean tides cause water level to rise and fall twice a day • plants such as sawgrass and pickleweed tolerate salty waters • host animals such as aquatic birds, crustaceans, fish, shrimp, and raptors

• further inland, yet close enough to the coast to be affected by tidal fluctuations • low salt content • Sedges such as water chestnut and papyrus • animals like insects, waterbirds, anadromous fish

• freshwater found along fringes of lakes and rivers with high water table • vegetation depends on presence of water • wildlife such as butterflies, frogs, snakes, bears, ducks, geese, racoons, turtles, frogs, alligators

• the measure of relative clarity of a liquid • indicates the amount of scattered particles in the liquid