Atoms, elements and compounds
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What is the mass and charge of a proton?
Mass: 1 unit Charge: +1
What is the mass and charge of a neutron?
Mass: 1 unit Charge: no charge
What is the charge of an electron?
Charge: -1
What is the proton number/atomic number?
number of protons in nucleus of atom
What is the nucleon number?
number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom/relative atomic mass
What do columns in a periodic table show?
groups with similar reaction properties
What do rows in a periodic table show?
periods
What are isotopes?
atoms of same element with same proton number, different number of neutrons → different nucleon number
Why do isotopes have the same properties?
same properties because same number of electrons in outer shell
What are the two types of isotopes?
radioactive non-radioactive
What are some medical and industrial uses for radioactive isotopes?
Medical: cancer treatment, locating tumours Industrial: check for oil and gas leaks
What is oxidation state/valency number?
number of electrons in outer shell
Why is group 0 unreactive?
full outershell
Why do atoms with more electron shells have higher energy levels?
Further away from nucleus
What is an ion?
electrically charged particle
What is an ionic bond made of?
Metals + Non-metals
How are ionic bonds formed?
Atoms lose/gains electrons to become stable
What is the structure of ionic bonds?
arranged in a giant lattice with regular pattern of particles held together by strong ionic bonds
What are the properties of ionic compounds (5)?
High boiling + melting points (ionic bonds strong) Poor conductors as solid (no free electrons/ions) Conducts electricity as liquid Hard Soluble in water
Why do ionic compounds have high fixed points?
ionic bonds strong, lots of energy required to overcome electrostatic attraction
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity as liquid?
charged ions free to move
What is a covalent bond made of?
Non-metal + Non-metal
What are molecules?
a group of atoms held together by COVALENT bonds
How are covalent bonds formed?
Atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve noble gas configuration