Biology

fundamental structural unit of living; the smallest units that display the characteristics of life.

(1) unique structural organization (2) metabolic processes (3) generative processes (4) responsive processes (5) control processes.

The ability to interact with their surroundings, to manipulate energy and matter.

of living things can be seen at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels

any living thing that is capable of functioning independently, whether it consists of a single cell or a complex group of interacting cells

All the chemical reactions involving molecules required for a cell to grow, reproduce and make repairs. taking in nutrition, processing nutrients (not just digestion, but how do you utilize the nutrients), eliminating waste

Molecules required by organisms for growth, reproduction, or repair. (food)

irritability, individual adaptation, and evolution, which is also known as adaptation of populations. Allows organisms to react to surroundings in meaningful way. an individual’s ability to recognize that something in its surroundings has changed (a stimulus) and respond rapidly to it- Irritability an organism’s reaction to a stimulus, but it is slower than an irritability response, because it requires growth or some other fundamental change in an organism - individual adaptation. fundamental change in an entire population - evolution

occurs within an organism at several levels. At the metabolic level, all the chemical reactions of an organism are linked together in specific pathways. The control of all the reactions ensures efficient, handling of the nutrients needed to maintain life.

involves altering the rate of processes.

mechanisms that ensure an organism will carry out all metabolic activities in the proper sequence (coordination) and at the proper rate (regulation).

The process of maintaining a constant internal environment.

constructed of 3 major sub-atomic particles: neutrons, electrons. protons

fundamental chemical substances made up of only one kind of atom

heavy subatomic particle that does not have a charge; located in the nucleus

heavy subatomic particle that has a positive charge; located in nucleus- determines identity of atom

central core of the atom - mass is concentrated here

light subatomic particle with a negative charge - moves about outside nucleus in “energy levels”

sum of protons & neutrons in an atom - used to identify isotopes

He (helium) Ne (neon) Ar (argon)

tendency to seek a filled outer layer (8 - or 2 in second level) thorough chemical reactions

elements that have full outermost energy levels under ordinary circumstances and do not normally undergo chemical reactions.

the process through which atoms gain or lose electrons on their outer energy level

when the number of atoms in a single molecule number two of the same molecule.