Chapter 6: Nervous System And Control Of Movement
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What composes the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
What are the 2 components of the nervous system?
Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
What composes the peripheral nervous system?
All parts that lie outside the CNS, including 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
What are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system
What makes up the somatic nervous system? Is it conscious or unconscious control?
Afferent and efferent nerves. Conscious control
What are afferent nerves?
Sensory nerves, carry sensory info from sensory receptors to CNS
What are efferent nerves?
Motor nerves, carry info from CNS to body’s skeletal muscles
What makes up the autonomic nervous system? Is it conscious or unconscious control?
Sympathetic system and parasympathetic system. Unconscious control
What is the role of the sympathetic system?
Prepares body for emergencies by releasing adrenaline
What is the role of the parasympathetic system?
Helps bring body back to normal state
What are the 2 types of proprioreceptors?
Golgi tendon organs, muscle spindles
Where are Golgi tendon organs located? What do they detect?
Located on the ends of tendons, detects increased tension exerted on the tendon
Where are muscle spindles located? What do they detect?
Run parallel to muscle fibres, detects changes in muscle length
What are 2 spinal cord injuries? What do they each affect?
Paraplegia = the legs are affected Quadriplegia = all limbs are affected
What are the leading causes of spinal cord injuries?
Car accidents (35%), falls (16%), sports (7%), diving (5%)
What can be done to prevent spinal cord injuries?
Be conscious of environment and danger, strength neck and back muscles, wear protective head gear
What are concussions? What are the symptoms?
Common head injury resulting from a blow to the head. Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, fatigue and memory problems
What happens to brain cells in a concussion?
Brain cells become abnormal and do not function properly
What are the degrees of a concussion?
Mild, moderate or severe