Formal Charge
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If molecule is neutral, sum of _ must equal sum of _
Positive charges Negative charges
Formal charges corresponds to the difference between the number of valence electrons in the _ and valence electrons in_
Neutral free atom Bonded state
To determine # of electrons in Lewis dot atom, add total # electrons in line pair with _
1/2 # electrons in bonded pair
Counting electrons for the purpose of assigning formal charges differs from _
Counting electrons to determine if octet is full
A second row element has a complete octet if the sum of all electrons around it, shared and unshared is _
8
When counting electrons to assign formal charges, half the number of _ are assigned to each atom
Electrons in a covalent bond
Covalent bonded hydrogen has no _
Formal charge (formal charge = 0)
A positive formal charge means the atom has fewer electrons than _
It’s neutral state
_ means atom has more electrons than its neutral state
A negative formal charge
A zero formal charge means atom has
Same number of electrons as its neutral state
Formal charge is a _ not actual charge distribution within the molecule
Theoretical concept
It will always be true that a nitrogen with 4 covalent bonds has a formal charge of _
+1