Topic 1- Introduction and Background
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What four subjects make up materials science?
Physics, Chemistry, Maths and Computing.
How does maths contribute to materials science?
Allows us to predict behaviour.
How does computing contribute to materials science?
We can construct models of the physical world.
What can chemistry tell us about materials science?
Composition, reactions and properties of materials?
How does physics contribute to materials science?
Tells us energies and interactions of materials.
What are the four main areas of materials science?
Characteristics, structure, processing and properties.
How is materials science relevant to civil engineering?
• Design new and improved materials. 2. Performance of new buildings.
What methods are used to analyse structure and morphology?
Microscopy and diffraction.
What is morphology?
What the surface of a material looks like.
What method is used to work out what elements are present in a material?
Spectroscopy.
What methods are used for analysing chemical properties of a material?
Spectroscopy and wet chemistry.
What are the three mechanical methods of analysis?
Tension, compression and shear.
What does Young’s Modulus tell us?
How stiff a material is.
What is the equation for Young’s Modulus?
E=stress/strain.
What is the relationship between stiffness and Young’s modulus?
Greater E, greater stiffness.
What does tensile strength tell us?
How strong a material is.
What is toughness?
Resistance to crack propagation.
How do we determine toughness?
It is the amount of time it takes a crack to grow through (time to failure).
What is the opposite to tough?
Brittle.
How can we easily work out how tough a material is?
Area under a stress-strain graph.
What is the equation for density?
Mass/volume.
What is service temperature?
The temperature at which a material can be used.
What is thermal conductivity?
How easily heat flows through a material.
How has nitric acid affected buildings in Bath?
NOx from cars reacts with moisture causing the buildings to turn black/brown as the limestone reacts to form gypsum.